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HUBS 192 > Lecture 1: Anatomy of the Skin, part 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1: Anatomy of the Skin, part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What does our skin protect?

A

Underlying tissues and organs

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2
Q

What does our skin protect our tissues/organs from?

4

A
  • Impact
  • Abrasion
  • Fluid floss
  • Chemical attack
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3
Q

What does are skin excrete? (3)

A
  • Salts
  • Water
  • Organic wastes
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4
Q

How does our skin excrete substance?

A

Through integumentary glands

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5
Q

How does our skin help maintain our body temperature?

2

A
  • Insulation

- Evaporative cooling

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6
Q

What are three things produced by our skin?

3

A
  • Melanin
  • Keratine
  • Vitamin D3
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7
Q

What is the function of Melanin?

A

Protect underlying tissue from ultraviolet radiation

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8
Q

What is the function of Keratin?

2

A
  • Protects against abrasion

- Acts as water repellent

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9
Q

What is the function of Vitamin D3?

A

Involved in calcium metabolism

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10
Q

What is Vitamin D3?

A

Steroid hormone

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11
Q

What is Vitamin D3 converted to?

A

Calcitriol

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12
Q

What is stored in the skin?

A

Lipids

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13
Q

Where are lipids stored in the dermis?

A

Adipocytes

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14
Q

Where are lipids stored in the subcutaneous layer?

A

Adipose tissue

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15
Q

What can our skin detect? (4)

A
  • Touch
  • Pressure
  • Pain
  • Temperature
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16
Q

What does our skin relay information to?

A

The nervous system

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17
Q

What can lipid/fat reserves be used for?

A

Energy

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18
Q

How does skin Anatomy relate to its function or performance?
(4)

A
  • Ageing
  • Pigmentation
  • Skin cancer
  • Tattoo
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19
Q

What are 2 functions of skin pigmentation?

A
  • Protection from UV radiation

- Vitamin D production

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20
Q

Does protection from UV radiation require high or low pigmentation?

A

High pigmentation

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21
Q

Does Vitamin D production require high or low pigmentation?

A

Low pigmentation

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22
Q

What is the ‘lowest’ level of biological organisation?

A

Chemical level

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23
Q

What is the ‘middle’ level of biological organisation?

A

Cellular level

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24
Q

What is the ‘highest’ level of biological organisation?

A

Tissue level

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25
What are the 4 tissue-types?
- Epithelial tissue - Connective tissue - Muscle tissue - Nervous tissue
26
What are the functions of Epithelial Tissue? (3)
- Covers exposed surfaces - Lines internal surfaces - Form secretory glands
27
What are the functions of Connective Tissues? | 3
- Fills internal space - Provides structural support - Stores energy
28
What are the functions of Muscle Tissue?
Contracts to produce movement
29
What are the functions of Nervous tissues? | 2
- Conducts electrical impulses | - Carries information
30
How many primary layers of Skin are there?
3
31
What are the 3 primary layers of skin?
- Epidermis - Dermis - Hypodermis
32
What 2 layers compose the Cutaneous membrane?
- Epidermis | - Dermis
33
What layer composes the Subcutaneous layer?
Hypodermis
34
What are features of the Epidermis? | 3
- Stratified barrier - Mostly keratinocytes - No circulation (avascular)
35
What are features of the Dermis? | 2
- Contains protein fibres for strength | - Vascular (nourishes epidermis)
36
What layers comprise the Dermis? | 2
- Papillary layer | - Reticular layer
37
What layers comprise the Epidermis? | 5
- Stratum Corneum - Stratum Lucidem - Stratum Granulosum - Stratum Spinosum - Stratum Basale
38
What Epidermal layer is only found in thick skin?
Stratum Lucidem
39
What does Reticular layer/structure mean?
Mesh like structure, comprised mainly of collagen
40
What is the purpose of the wavy Papillary layer/Epidermal ridge?
Increase surface area between Dermis/Epidermis
41
What are features of the Stratum Corneum (horny layer)? | 2
- Dead layer | - Dried-out hard cells with no nuclei
42
What are features of the Stratum Granulosum (granular layer)? (2)
Contains granules that promote: - Dehydration of the cell - Cross linking of keratin fibres
43
What are the features of the Stratum Spinosum (spinous, spiny or prickle cell layer)? (2)
- Desmosomes link cells together | - Cells become increasingly flattened as they move upwards
44
What are the features of the stratum basale (basal layer)? | 2
- Columnar regenerative cells | - As the basal cell divides, a daughter cell migrates upwards to replenish the layer above
45
What are Keratinocytes?
Cells with large amounts of keratin
46
What is special about the Stratum Corneum?
It can be completely removed
47
What does the epidermis act as for keratinocytes?
It acts as a Keratinocyte conveyor
48
What tissue type dominates the Epidermis?
Epithelial tissue
49
What are the 2 types of Epithelia?
Simple/Stratified Epithelia
50
What are the cell types of either simple or stratified Epithelia? (3)
- Squamous - Cuboidal - Columnar
51
What is the cell structure of the Epidermis?
Stratified Squamous epithelium
52
What are features of the Dermis? | 3
- Not shed - contain protein fibres for strength - Vascular (nourishes the epidermis)
53
What are the protein fibres contained with in the Dermis? | 2
Collagen/Elastin
54
Features of the Hypodermis? | 2
- Contains adipose tissue (for insulation) | - Is subcutaneous
55
Where is 'thick skin' found?
Palms of hands and Soles of feet
56
What are features of 'thick skin'? | 2
- No hair | - Extra epidermal layer
57
What are the results of ageing skin? | 6
- Thin epidermis - Thin dermis - Slower skin repair - Drier epidermis - Impaired cooling - Less pigmentation
58
What causes sagging/wrinkling in ageing skin?
Reduced collagen
59
What causes a Drier Epidermis in ageing skin?
Less Sebum
60
What causes impaired cooling in ageing skin?
Less sweat/perspiration
61
What is a physical result of less skin pigmentation? | 2
- Pale skin | - Grey hair
62
What are physiological responses to skin ageing? | 6
- Altered hair follicle and fat distribution - Fewer active follicles - Slower skin repair - Reduced blood supply - Diminished immune response - Fewer Melanocytes
63
What are Melanocytes?
Specialised skin cells that produce Melanin
64
What does smoking do to skin ageing?
It increases skin ageing
65
How does smoking effect skin ageing? | 3
- 'Reactive oxygen' damages collagen and elastin - Causes vasoconstriction - Nicotine increases Vasopressin
66
What is Vasopressin?
A pituitary hormone which increases blood pressure
67
What are the functions of Skin? | 6
- Protect - Excrete - Maintain - Synthesis products - store - Detect
68
What is the largest and most visible organ of the body?
The Skin
69
What % of body weight is skin?
16%
70
What is the approximate surface area of skin?
1.5 - 2 square meters

HUBS 192 (38 decks)

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