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HUBS 192 > Lecture 4: Anatomy of the Heart, Part 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 4: Anatomy of the Heart, Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Cardiovascular system made of?

A

Organs

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2
Q

What are Organs made of?

A

Vascular tissue

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3
Q

What is Vascular tissue made of?

2

A
  • Connective tissues

- Cells

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4
Q

What are the Organs of the Cardiovascular system?

5

A
  • Heart
  • Arteries
  • Veins
  • Lymphatics
  • Capillaries
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5
Q

What is the role of the Heart?

A

Pump blood

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6
Q

What is the role of Arteries?

A

Carry blood away from the Heart

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7
Q

What is the role of veins?

A

Carry blood from your organs back to the Heart

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8
Q

What is the role of the Lymphatics?

A

Helps filter fluid that’s left the blood vascular system back into it

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9
Q

What is the role of Capillaries?

A

Exchange substances between blood and tissue cells

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10
Q

What two systems comprise the Cardiovascular system?

2

A
  • Blood Vascular System

- Lymphatic (Vascular) System

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11
Q

How can the Blood vascular system be described?

A

A closed supply and drainage system, a continuous loop

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12
Q

How can the Lymphatic (Vascular) System be described?

A

A open-entry drainage system, a one-way system

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13
Q

What are the 2 types of circulation in the Blood Vascular system?

A
  • Pulmonary circulation

- Systemic circulation

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14
Q

What is the only supply path of oxygenated blood in the body?

A

Arteries

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15
Q

Where are major arteries situated?

A

In places to avoid damage

e.g. deep in the truck, in flexor aspects of limbs

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16
Q

What often happens to important structures?

A

They receive supply from two different sources, two seperate arteries

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17
Q

What happens to the name of Arteries?

A

it changes at each major branch

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18
Q

What are the names of the 3 capillaries that form the exchange network?

A
  • Continuous
  • Fenestrated
  • Sinusoidal
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19
Q

What can change between the different types of Capillaries?

A

Their degrees of permeability

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20
Q

How would the permeability of Continuous capillaries be described?

A

Controlled/Tight

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21
Q

How would the permeability of Fenestrated capillaries be described?

A

Leaky

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22
Q

How would the permeability of

sinusoidal capillaries be described?

A

Very leaky

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23
Q

What are the 3 pathways for drainage?

A
  • Deep veins
  • Superficial veins
  • Lymphatics
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24
Q

What is different about veins CSA to that of arteries?

A

Veins CSA is at least twice that of arteries

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25
Why do veins have at least twice the CSA of Arteries?
To shift the same volume of blood / second
26
How is blood carried in arteries?
At high speeds/pressure
27
How is the shape of the heart described?
- Blunt | - Cone shaped
28
What is the pointed end of the the heart called?
Apex
29
What is the Broad end of the the heart called?
Base
30
What is the approximate size of the heart?
That of a closed fist
31
How is the heart positioned in our body? | 2
- Rotated to the left | - Base tilted posteriorly
32
Where is the heart positioned in the body?
The Thorax
33
What is the name of the cavity that the heart sits in?
The Mediastinum cavity
34
What regions flank the heart/Mediastinum cavity?
Pleural cavitys
35
Where does the Base of the heart sit in the thorax?
At a level between the 2/3 ribs
36
Where does the Apex of the heart sit in the thorax?
- At a level between the 5/6 ribs | - In line with the left Midclavicular line
37
What is the position of the Apex in the Thorax also known as?
Point of Maximal Impulse, PMI
38
What can be observed at the Point of Maximal Impulse?
Apex beat, heart beating against the chest wall
39
How many chamber of the heart are there?
4
40
What are the names of the chambers on both the left/right side of the heart? (2)
- Atrium | - Ventricle
41
What does Atrium mean?
Receiving chamber
42
What separates the left and right compartment of the heart?
Inter-ventricular Septum
43
Where does deoxygenated blood entering the heart arrive through?
The right Atrium
44
Where does blood from the right Atrium drain to?
The right ventricle
45
Where does deoxygenated blood leaving the heart exit through?
The right Ventricle
46
What does deoxygenated blood leaving the heart travel through?
The Pulmonary artery
47
Where does oxygenated blood entering the heart arrive through?
The left Atrium
48
Where does blood from the left Atrium drain to?
The left Ventricle
49
Where does oxygenated blood leaving the heart exit through?
The left Ventricle
50
What does oxygenated blood leaving the heart travel through?
The Aorta
51
What does blood travelling from the head/neck/chest entering the heart travel through?
Superior Vena Cava
52
What does blood travelling from below the diaphragm entering the heart travel through?
Inferior Vena Cava
53
What is the Coronary sinus?
The Venous drainage of the heart itself
54
What is the role of the Tricuspid valve?
Stop back flow of blood from the right Ventricle to the right Atrium
55
What is the role of the Pulmonary (semilunar) valve?
Stop back flow of blood from the Pulmonary Artery to the right Ventricle
56
What does blood travelling from the lungs entering the heart travel through?
The Pulmonary veins
57
How many Pulmonary veins are there?
4
58
What is the role of the Mitral valve?
Stop back flow of blood from the left Ventricle to the left Atrium
59
What is the role of the Aortic valve?
Stop back flow of blood from the Aorta to the left Ventricle
60
What are Atrial chambers?
Thin walled receiving chambers of blood
61
What does the right Atrium receive deoxygenated blood through? (3)
- Superior Vena Cava - Inferior Vena Cava - Coronary Sinus
62
What does the left Atrium receive oxygenated blood through?
4 Pulmonary veins
63
What are the layer of the Heart wall? | 4
- Endocardium - Myocardium - Epicardium - Pericardium (around the heart)
64
What does Endocardium mean?
Within the heart
65
What does Myocardium mean?
Muscle layer of the heart
66
What does Epicardium mean?
Upon/outer layer of the heart
67
What is the heart sat within?
The Pericardial sac
68
What is the name of the squamous epithelium in the cardiovascular system?
Endothelium
69
What is the role of Loose irregular fibrous connective tissue?
Acts as support for the Endothelium
70
What is found in the Endocardium? | 4
- Endothelium - Loose irregular fibrous connective tissue - Blood vessels - Purkinje fibres
71
What is the difference between the thickness of the two ventricles?
The left ventricle is much larger often 3 times larger than the right
72
What are 3 things found in the Epicardium?
- Visceral pericardium - Blood vessels - Loose irregular FCT/adipose
73
What are the layers/components of the serous Pericardium? | 3
- Parietal Pericardium - Pericardial fluid/cavity - Visceral Pericardium

HUBS 192 (38 decks)

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