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HUBS 192 > Lecture 5: Anatomy of the Heart, Part 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 5: Anatomy of the Heart, Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How many Heart valves are there?

A

4

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2
Q

What are the names of the 2 types of heart valves?

A
  • Atrioventricular (AV) valves

- Semilunar valves

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3
Q

What is the function of the Atrioventricular valves?

A

Prevent blood returning to Atria during ventricular contraction

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4
Q

What is the name of the right Atrioventricular valve?

A

Tricupsid valve

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5
Q

What is the name of the left Atrioventricular valve?

A

Bicupsid (mitral) valve

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6
Q

How many cusps does the tricuspid valve have?

A

3

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7
Q

How many cusps does the bicuspid valve have?

A

2

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8
Q

What happens to the heart during Diastole?

A

Ventricular muscles relax and blood fills into the Ventricles from the Atria

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9
Q

What valves are open/closed during Diastole?

A

Open - Atrioventricular

Closed - Semilunar

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10
Q

What happens to the heart during (Ventricular) Systole?

A

Ventricular muscles contract and blood is pumped out of the ventricles into the arteries

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11
Q

What valves are open/closed during Systole?

A

Open - Semilunar

Closed - Atrioventricular

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12
Q

What closes the Atrioventricular valves during Systole?

A

The backwards pressure of blood pushing on the valves

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13
Q

What opens the Semilunar valves during Systole

A

The forward pressure of blood pushing on the valves

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14
Q

Whats a simple description of Systole?

A

Blood flowing out of the heart due to contraction

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15
Q

Whats a simple description of Diastole?

A

Blood flowing into the heart due to relaxation

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16
Q

What is the function of the Semilunar valves?

A

Prevent blood returning to ventricles during filling (Diastole)

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17
Q

What is the name of the right Semilunar valve?

A

Pulmonary (Semilunar) valve

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18
Q

What is the name of the left (Semilunar) valve?

A

Aortic (Semilunar) valve

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19
Q

How many cusps does the Pulmonary/Aortic semilunar valve have?

A

3

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20
Q

What is bigger the Pulmonary or Aortic valve?

A

Aortic valve

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21
Q

What happens to blood due to it moving out of the heart through a small valve?

A

It moves at high pressure/velocity

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22
Q

What happens to blood due to it entering the heart through a large valve?

A

It moves at lower velocity with less pressure

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23
Q

What are papillary muscles?

A

Finger like projections of the capillary wall in the heart

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24
Q

What is the chordae tendineae?

A

Tendon like fibrous cords that connect to the Papillary muscles and Atrioventricular valve cusp

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25
What do the Papillary muscles/Chordae Tendineae do?
They develop pre-tension on the Atrioventricular cusps to prevent heavy slamming due to high pressure
26
What is the first branch off the Aorta of Systemic circulation?
The Coronary Artery
27
What are the 2 Coronary arteries?
Right/Left
28
What does the right Coronary artery supply?
The Right side of the heart and some of the posterior
29
What does the left Coronary Artery supply?
The left side of the heart
30
What does the left Coronary Artery divide into? | 2
- Circumflex artery | - Anterior interventricular artery
31
What does the Anterior interventricular Artery supply? | 2
- The interventricular septum | - Anterior of the heart
32
What does the Circumflex Artery supply?
The posterior of the heart
33
What takes deoxygenated blood that has been used by the heart, away from the heart?
The Cardiac veins
34
What side of the heart is drained by the small Cardiac vein?
Right side
35
What side of the heart is drained by the great Cardiac vein?
Left side
36
What do the Cardiac veins carry blood back into the heart through?
The Coronary sinus
37
What feature can be determined from a Longitudinal Histological section of Cardiac muscle?
Thin capillary walls to limit distance of diffusion
38
What feature can be determined from a Transverse Histological section of Cardiac muscle?
They contain lots of Capillaries
39
What are two features of Cardiac muscle structure? | 2
- Striated | - Short, branched cells
40
How many nuclei are there per Cardiac muscle cell?
one/occasionally two
41
What is the shape/position of the nucleus in Cardiac muscle cells?
Central and oval shaped
42
Where are the Cytoplasmic organelles packed in Cardiac muscle cell nuclei?
At the poles of the nuclei
43
How are Cardiac muscle cells interconnected with neighbouring cells?
Via intercalated disks (ICDs)
44
What is special about the mitochondria in Cardiac muscle?
Theres lots of them, they are about 20% of the cell volume
45
Why are the sarcomeres of Cardiac muscles pointed in different angles?
Due to the branching multi direction force that is produced
46
What are intercalated disks?
The area between Cardio Myocytes
47
What are the 3 types of junction that form the intercalated disks?
- Adhesion belts - Desmosomes - Gap junctions
48
What do Adhesion belts do? | 2
- Link actin to actin | - Allow neighbouring myocytes to contract through physical propagation
49
What do Desmosomes do? | 2
- link Cytokeratine with Cytokeratine | - The cytoskeletons of neighbouring cells
50
What do Gap junctions do?
Electrochemical communication
51
What is specific about Gap junction positioning in intercalated disks?
They are placed parallel to the direction of contraction
52
What does the conduction system of the heart do to the efficiency of heart pumping?
It increases it
53
What is the Conduction system of the heart responsible for? | 2
- Co-ordination of heart contractions | - Atrioventricular valve action
54
What alters the rate of conduction impulse generation?
Autonomic nerves
55
Where does the Conduction pathway begin?
At the Sinoatrial node
56
After the Sinoatrial node where does the conduction pathway pass through?
Internodal pathways
57
Where do all the internodal pathways reunite?
The Atrioventricular node
58
Following the Atrioventricular node what do electrical impulses travel through?
Atrioventricular bundle
59
What does the Atrioventricular bundle branch into?
Right and left bundles
60
What do the right and left Atrioventricular bundles branch into?
Purkinje fibres
61
What are Purkinje cells?
Modified cardiac muscle
62
What is the cytoplasm of Purkinje cells filled with?
Mitochondria and glycogen
63
What type of junction is largely present in Purkinje cells?
Gap junctions
64
Where is the nucleus located in Purkinje cells?
Centrally

HUBS 192 (38 decks)

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