Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

HUBS 192 > Lecture 24: Introduction and Motility > Flashcards

Lecture 24: Introduction and Motility Flashcards

1
Q

What does the GI tract regulate?

A

Conditions in the intestinal lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do receptors in the walls of the GI tract respond to?

2

A
  • Stretch

- Strange in composition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What can change in composition within the lumen of the GI tract consist of?
(5)

A
  • pH
  • Osmolarity
  • Amino acids
  • Sugars
  • Fats
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are effectors of the GI tract?

2

A
  • Smooth muscle

- glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do reflexes stimulated by receptors cause in the GI tract?
(2)

A
  • Smooth muscle contraction

- Gland secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What 2 types of regulation control the GI tract?

A
  • Nervous regulation

- Hormonal regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What distance does the central nervous co-ordinate activity of the GI tract over?

A

Long distances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does the parasympathetic nervous system influence the GI tract?

A

It stimulates motility and secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does the sympathetic nervous system influence the GI tract?

A

It inhibits motility and secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the central nervous system modulate?

A

The activity of the enteric nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the enteric nervous system comprised of?

2

A
  • Submucosal plexus

- Myenteric plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the submucosal plexus regulate?

A

Secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the myenteric plexus regulate?

A

Motility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What local reflexes is the enteric nervous system involved in?
(2)

A
  • Peristalsis

- Segmentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The enteric nervous system is totally self what?

A

Contained

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The GI tract is the largest what in the body?

A

Largest endocrine organ in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What type of functions does the GI tract express?

2

A
  • Endocrine

- Paracrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are 4 critical hormones in the GI tract?

A
  • Gastrin
  • Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)
  • Secretin
  • Cholecystokinin (CCK)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does movement through the GI tract at a controlled rate help with?
(3)

A
  • Propulsion
  • Storage
  • Chemical digestion/absorption
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does mechanical digestion do?

A

Increases the surface area of foods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is mechanical digestion essential for?

A

Chemical digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does mixing in the GI tract aid in?

A

Chemical digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does exposure to absorptive surfaces within the GI tract aid in?

A

Absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is a property of smooth muscle?

A

It contracts spontaneously without external input

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
How often does the stomach contract?
3 times per minute
26
How often does the duodenum contract?
12 times per minute
27
How often does the ileum contract?
9 times per minute
28
What is the strength of contractions through the GI tract regulated by? (2)
- Nervous input | - Hormonal input
29
What generalised motility pattern occurs in a fasting state?
Migratory motor complex
30
How often does the migratory motor complex occur?
4 hours after a meal, then every 2 hours until you eat again
31
During a feeding state where can storage of material occur? | 2
- Stomach | - Colon
32
What does relaxation of smooth muscle in the stomach and colon allow for?
Volume to increase without a change in pressure
33
What type of movement causes propulsion throughout the GI tract?
Peristalsis
34
What type of movement causes mixing in the stomach?
Retropulsion
35
What type of movement causes mixing in the small and large intestine?
Segmentation
36
What does chewing do to food?
Reduces the size of food
37
What is mixed with food as a result of chewing?
Saliva (which is required for taste)
38
As chewing is voluntary what kind of muscle is used?
Skeletal muscle
39
Reflex controls what during chewing? | 3
- Strength of chewing - Frequency of chewing - Side of mouth used to chew
40
What happens during swallowing?
Material is transferred rapidly from mouth to stomach
41
How is swallowing initiated and how does it proceed?
It is initiated at will, then proceeds reflexly
42
What part of the stomach is used for storage? | 2
- Fundus | - Body
43
Where does mechanical digestion occur within the stomach?
Antrum
44
Where does mixing occur within the stomach?
Antrum
45
What controls the delivery of substance from the stomach to the duodenum?
The pyloric sphincter
46
What happens to the stomach during a fasted state?
It shrinks to about 50ml in volume
47
What happens during the first hour of the migratory motor complex?
Inactivity
48
How long does uncoordinated activity occur during the migratory motor complex?
50 minutes
49
How long does coordinated activity occur during the migratory motor complex?
10 minutes
50
What are the functions of the migratory motor complex?
House keeping of residual secretions/undigested material
51
During a feeding state what occurs to help allow storage?
- Receptive relaxation | - Gastric accomodation
52
What does nervous regulation through the vagus nerve cause the stomach to do during a feeding state?
Increase in volume with minimal change in pressure
53
Where is peristalsis initiated in the stomach and where does it spread to?
initiated on the greater curvature of the stomach and spreads to the antrum
54
What happens to activity in the stomach 60 mins after a meal?
There is gentle activity
55
What happens 60-300 mins after a meal?
There is more intense activity
56
What is retropulsion?
A combination of peristalsis and closure of the pyloric sphincter in the stomach causing mechanical breakdown
57
What does the rate of gastric emptying match?
The digestive capacity of the intestine
58
What is gastric emptying of the stomach regulated by?
Feedback from the duodenum
59
What factors effect the rate of gastric emptying? | 2
- Size of a meal | - Composition of a meal
60
What does a larger meal do to the rate of gastric emptying?
Increase the rate of gastric emptying
61
What empties from the stomach faster fluids or solids?
Fluids
62
What do fats do to gastric emptying?
Slow gastric emptying
63
What does motility in the small intestine cause to be mixed with food? (3)
- Pancreatic secretions - Biliary system (liver/gallbladder) secretions - Intestine secretions
64
What motility patterns occur between meals in the small intestine?
Migratory motor complex
65
What motility patterns occurs after meals in the small intestine?
Segmentation
66
What does segmentation in the small intestine allow for? | 2
- Mixing | - Exposure to absorptive surfaces
67
What is stored in the colon/large intestines?
Feaces
68
What does the large intestine experience large periods of?
Inactivity
69
What does segmentation in the large intestine allow for? | 2
- Exposure to absorptive surfaces | - Absorption of fluid and salts from faeces
70
How often does mass movement occur in the large intestine occur?
1-2 times a day following meals
71
What do peristaltic waves in the large intestine do? | 2
- Drives faeces into the rectum | - Initiates defecation

HUBS 192 (38 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions