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Histology > Lecture 1 - The Cell > Flashcards

Lecture 1 - The Cell Flashcards

1
Q

What do you have to do to look at something at the cellular level?

A
  1. Preserve the tissue through fixation (Light/Electron)
  2. Embed and Section
  3. Stain
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2
Q

How to preserve the tissue for Light Microscopy

A

Formalin

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3
Q

How to preserve the tissue for Electron Microscopy

A

Glutaraldehyde + Osmium Tetroxide

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4
Q

How to embed for Light Microscopy

A

Paraffin (1-10um sections)

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5
Q

How to embed for EM

A

Resin (100nm sections)

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6
Q

How to stain for Light Microscopy

A

Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E)

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7
Q

How to stain for EM

A

Osmium tetroxide

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8
Q

Hematoxylin stains _____ this color: ____

A

Acids, blue

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9
Q

Eosin stains _____ this color: _____

A

Bases, pink

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10
Q

What parts of the cell are acidic?

A

DNA
RNA
Ribosomes

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11
Q

What inside the cell would be considered basic?

A

Collagen

Proteins

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12
Q

Advantages of Light Microscopy?

A

Many special stains
Many special techniques
Determining acids and bases

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13
Q

Resolving power of LM

A

200nm

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14
Q

Resolving power of EM

A

50pm

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15
Q

What are plasma membranes made of?

A

Cholesterol
Phospholipids
Proteins
Carbohydrates

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16
Q

What is the purpose of the phos bilayer? (2)

A
  1. Allows lipid soluble molecules to freely diffuse across

2. Prevents water soluble molecules from freely diffusing across

17
Q

What is the function of cholesterol?

A

-keeps the membrane fluid

18
Q

What makes up the glycocalyx?

A

Carbohydrates

19
Q

What is the function of the glycocalyx?

A

Identification for immune cells to recognize self from non-self

20
Q

Distinguishing features of mitochondria?

A
  • Elongated structure
  • Inner/outer mitochondrial membrane –> cristae
  • matrix granule
21
Q

What organelles are involved w/ the synthesis of integral membrane and exported proteins?

A
  • Rough ER
  • Golgi
  • Ribosomes
  • Secretory Vessicles
22
Q

If mRNA goes through free ribosomes, the mRNA is destined as _____

A

Cytosolic proteins

23
Q

If mRNA goes to the ER, the mRNA is destined as ____

A

Membrane, secreted proteins

24
Q

What color will a cell be stained that contains a lot of ribosomes?

A

Blue - Hematoxylin

RNA = acidic -> pics up basic stain

25
Q

What face of the golgi do transport vessicles come in?

A

cis face

26
Q

What face of the golgi do transport vessicles leave?

A

trans face

27
Q

What stain do you use for lysosomes?

A

Toluidine Blue

28
Q

Components of cytoskeleton

A

microfilaments - 7nm
intermediate filaments - 10-12nm
microtubules - 24nm

29
Q

What makes up microfilaments?

A

Actin

30
Q

What makes up microtubules?

A

Tubulin

31
Q

What makes up intermediate filaments?

A

Keratin
Neurofilament protein
Lamin
Vimentin

32
Q

Function of microfilaments? (4)

A
  1. Provide stiffness/structure/shape to membrane
  2. Responsible for protrusions, such as microvilli and phogocytic projections
  3. Provide motility for cells (macrophages/neutrophils/mast cells)
  4. Contraction of muscle cells
33
Q

Actin attaches to the ____ end and releases from the _____ end.

A

+, -

34
Q

What causes cellular dystrophy?

A

Mutation in dystrophin causes the connection between the actin cytoskleton and the plasma membrane to be lost

35
Q

Microtubules attach at the ____ end and release at the _____ end.

A

+,+

36
Q

What is the function of microtubules?

A
  1. Vessicle movement and organelle placement
  2. Mitotic spindle
  3. Cytoskeleton in cilia and flagella (movement)
37
Q

What are centrosomes made of?

A
  1. Centrioles (microtubule triplets)
  2. Cloud of protein
    Nucleate microtubules and anchor their (-) ends.
38
Q

What does MTOC and what is it?

A
  1. Microtubule-organizing center

2. Centrosome

Histology (19 decks)

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