Lecture 16- Respiratory

Question 1

What makes up the respiratory portion of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

• Respiratory bronchiole
• alveolar duct
• alveoli

Question 2

What makes up the conduction portion of the respiratory system?

Answer 2

• nasal cavity
• pharynx
• larynx
• trachea
• bronchi
• bronchioles

Question 3

If a person gets an upper respiratory infection this could involve which of the following structures?

Answer 3

Nasal Cavity

Question 4

What are the functions of the conducting portions of the respiratory tract?

Answer 4

• conduit for air movement
• humidify air
• warm the air
• remove particulate material

Question 5

What type of cells make up the majority of the respiratory epithelium?

Answer 5

Pseudostratified, ciliated columnar epithelial cells

Question 6

What do goblet cells do in the respiratory epithelium?

Answer 6

Produce mucus that humidifies air and traps particles

Question 7

What is the function of the cilia in the respiratory tract?

Answer 7

Beat and move mucus toward the pharynx to spit or swallow

Question 8

Which type of epithelium covers the oropharynx?

Answer 8

Stratified squamous epithelial cells

Question 9

What tissue lines the nasal cavity?

Answer 9

• olfactory epithelium superior to conchae

- respiratory epithelium lines rest of nasal cavity

Question 10

Why does the lamina propria in the nasal cavity contain a large network of veins so close to the surface?

Answer 10

to warm the air

Question 11

Nasal congestion associated with a cold occurs because the venous plexuses in the lamina propria under the conchae become?

Answer 11

Dilated- medications such as pseudafed contrict blood vessels in the nasal mucosa

Question 12

What layers make up the olfactory epithelium?

Answer 12

• olfactory bulp
• bone
• lamina propria
• epithelial layer
• mucous layer with olfactory molecules

Question 13

What types of cells are found in the mucous layer of olfactory epithelium?

Answer 13

• basal cells (stem cells)
• bipolar neuron (olfactory receptor)
• support cells

Question 14

What is the larynx?

Answer 14

• voice box
• tube goes to trachea
• cartilage connected by ligaments helps maintain a rigid structure

Question 15

What parts of the larynx are responsible for speech?

Answer 15

vocal folds or vocal cords

Question 16

What type of epithelium covers the vestibular folds (false vocal cords) and vocal folds (true vocal cords)?

Answer 16

Vestibular folds- respiratory epithelium; vocal folds- stratified squamous

Question 17

what type of muscle is in the vocalis muscle?

Answer 17

Striated muscle

Question 18

What is the function of the trachealis?

Answer 18

Changes the diameter of the trachea (smooth muscle)

Question 19

What are the layers of the traches?

Answer 19

• respiratory epithelium
• lamina propria
• submucosa (seromucous glands)
• perichondrium
• cartilage

Question 20

The secondary branch of bronchi is also known as the…

Answer 20

lobar branch

Question 21

The segmental bronchi is also known as the…

Answer 21

tertiary branch

Question 22

What is the difference between trachea and bronchi?

Answer 22

• amount and location of cartilage
• amount and location of smooth muscle
• less mucous down deep in bronchi

Question 23

What connects the C-shaped cartilage in the trachea?

Answer 23

Muscle

Question 24

As you go down in the bronchioles there is _____ cartilage and _____ muscle

Answer 24

less cartilage, more muscle

Question 25

What type of cartilage is in the trachea and bronchi?

Answer 25

Hyaline cartilage

Question 26

A long time smoker developed chronic bronchitis. Why is there reduced mucociliary clearance and mucus plug formation in bronchi?

Answer 26

a decrease in the activity of ciliated epithelial cells

Question 27

What is the difference between bronchi and the bronchioles?

Answer 27

Alveoli

Question 28

What are the bronchiole?

Answer 28

- intralobular bronchiole - terminal bronchiole - respiratory bronchiole - alveolar duct - alveoli * bottom 3 are respiratory

Question 29

What layers are found in bronchiole?

Answer 29

epithelial layer and smooth muscles layer. No cartilage or submucosal gland.

Question 30

What additional fibers are found in the smooth muscle of bronchioles?

Answer 30

Elastic

Question 31

Are lymphocytes found in bronchioles?

Answer 31

Yes

Question 32

What type of epithelial layer is in the terminal bronchiole?

Answer 32

Simple cuboidal

Question 33

What are clara cells?

Answer 33

Non ciliated, fluid secreting cells found in the terminal and respiratory bronchioles

Question 34

How do Clara cells protect the bronchiolar epithelium?

Answer 34

- secrete surfacant like material - detoxify substances - proliferate/differentiate to maintain the ciliated cell population

Question 35

What is the difference between the terminal and respiratory bronchioles?

Answer 35

No much, respiratory bronchioles have some alveoli and terminal bronchioles have more.

Question 36

What is the center of an alveolar sac called?

Answer 36

atrium

Question 37

What surrounds the alveoli?

Answer 37

- Capillaries - Elastic fibers - Connective tissue

Question 38

What cells make up the respiratory membrane?

Answer 38

- Capillary with RBC - Type I alveolar cells - Alveolar CT

Question 39

What do Type II alveolar cells secrete?

Answer 39

surfactant to lower the surface tension so alveoli won't collapse

Question 40

What is the importance of alveolar macrophages?

Answer 40

Phagocytize and particulate material that gets into the alveolus

Question 41

What is Type I alveolar cell so thin?

Answer 41

facilitate diffusion of O2 and CO2

Question 42

What do Type II alveolar cells do?

Answer 42

Produce surfactant

Question 43

An infant was born premature with respiratory distress syndrome. The alveoli collapsed on exhalation. What's not working properly?

Answer 43

Type II alveolar cells

Question 44

Is the lung covered with a serosa, serous membrane, or adventitia?

Answer 44

Serosa

Question 45

Describe the pleura

Answer 45

Visceral and parietal pleura with a fluid filled pleura cavity in between

Question 46

What is the function of the pleural fluid?

Answer 46

- allows visceral and parietal pleura to slide easily against each other during ventilation - provides mechanical coupling between the chest wall and lung

Question 47

Will the visceral or parietal pleura have a mesothelium layer?

Answer 47

Visceral