Flashcards in Lecture 18- Endocrine System Deck (61)
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1
What do all endocrine glands have in common (or what defines an endocrine gland?
They secrete hormones into the blood
2
What is paracrine secretion?
Hormone to a target cell
3
What is autocrine secretion?
Hormone to self
4
What makes up the posterior pituitary gland?
- infundibulum or pituitary stalk
- pars nervosa
- tissue develops from brain
5
What makes up the anterior pituitary gland?
- pars tuberalis
- pars intermedia
- pars distalis
- tissue derived from ectoderm
6
What are sinusoids?
Essentially giant capillaries
7
What are degranulated cells?
Cells that turn back into an acidophil or basophil
8
What are progenitor cells?
Cells that go on to produce other cell types
9
What are chromophobes?
Either degranulated cells or progenitor cells
10
What are the acidophils?
- somatotropes (growth hormone)
- mammotropes (prolactin)
11
What are the basophils?
- gonadotropes (FSH and LH)
- thyrotropes (TSH)
- corticotropes (POMC) cleaves to (ACTH)
12
What is the best way to differentiate these cells?
- immunohistochemistry
13
The blood supply to the median eminence, infundibulum, and anterior pituitary is a portal system? What does that mean
Two capillary beds
14
What does the pars tuberalis secrete?
mainly basophilic gonadotropes
15
What does the pars intermedia secrete?
basophilic cortico tropes. POMC cleaved to melanocyte stimulating hormone. In pars distalis POMC cleaved to ACTH
16
What does oxytocin do?
- milk let down
- uterine contraction during labor
17
What are pituicytes?
Glial cells that surround the unmyelinated axons
18
What are herring bodies?
Cells that store the hormone
19
Where are the neuronal cell bodies for the posterior pituitary?
hypothalamus
20
Where are the alpha cells located in the islets of langerhans?
Along the periphery- glucagon- raises blood glucose
21
Where are the beta cells located in the islets of langerhans?
On the interior- insulin that lowers blood glucose
22
Where is the adrenal gland found?
On top of the kidney, suprarenal gland
23
What are the three layers of the adrenal gland?
- capsule
- cortex derived from mesoderm
- medulla derived from neural crest
24
What are the three layers of the cortex?
- zona glomerulosa
- zona fasciculata
- zona reticularis
25
They precursor to hormones produced in the adrenal cortex is cholesterol. What does this tell you?
Lipid soluble, hydrophobic
26
What is secreted in the zona glomerulosa?
aldosterone
27
What are mineralocorticoid and give an example.
aldosterone, influence salt and water balance
28
What does aldosterone do?
Released from the adrenal gland under low BP to stimulate Na+ retention and for the kidney to release renin and angiotensin II
29
What effect does aldosterone have on blood K+ levels?
increases secretion of K+ in the collecting duct to lower blood K+
30
