Lecture 10- Circulatory System Flashcards
What are the subsystems of the circulatory system?
- cardiovascular
- lymphatic
A person develops a thrombus in their femoral vein. If the clot breaks off, where will it most likely end up?
Lungs
Where does the blood from the femoral vein enter the heart?
Right atrium then eventually will get stuck in the capillaries of the lung. Pulmonary embolism
What would happen if there was a clot in the left atrium?
- Could go to the brain and cause stroke
- infarction in kidney or liver
The wall of the hear is composed of 3 layers. Which layer will be the thickest?
Myocardium (the muscle)
Which part of the heart will have the thickest myocardium?
Left Ventricle
What type of tissue lines the endocardium?
simple squamous endothelial layer (loose CT with smooth muscle)
What makes up the sub- endocardium?
connective tissue with arteries, veins, nerves, and Purkinje fibers
What is the role of the endothelial layer lining in the endocardium?
- acts as a barrier between blood and heart
- nonthrombogenic surface (no clots)
- modify cardiac performace
What is the role of collagne in the endocardium and subendocardium?
support and strength
What is the function of Purkinje fibers?
Muscle cells that are specialized for impulse conduction instead of contraction
How do Purkinje fibers differ from myocytes?
- Purkinje fibers are fewer and towards the periphery. Lots of glycogen and mitochondria
- myocytes are dense and full of myofibrils
Describe the conduction system of the heart
1) SA node initiates impulse to atria
2) Atrial contraction
3) AV Node sends impulse to ventricles (through bundle of His)
4) Ventricles contract
A 67-year-old male had a dental procedure which caused a transient bacteremia (bacteria in the blood). This precipitated infective endocarditis (inflammation or infection of the endocardium) because they already had damage to which of the following?
Endothelial layer of the endocardium. There is no barrier for the bacteria.
While infective endocarditis can occur in the heart chambers, it most commonly occurs on the valves of the heart. Why?
- vegetations develop in areas of high pressure through a narrow space to low pressure
- valves are covered by endothelial layer
- turbulent flow–> epithelial damage
What type of tissues make up the valves of the heart?
Dense irregular CT
A person had a myocardial infarction which damaged an area of the ventricles containing purkinje fibers. This most likely caused:
Cardiac arrhythmia
-Purkinje fibers affect the conduction of impulse
What is the epicardium?
The external tissue layer surrounding the pericardium or pericardial sac
Describe the two layers of the epicardium?
- external layer is simple squamous layer of mesothelium
- internal layer is loose CT with adipocytes, coronary arteries, veins, and autonomic nerves.
What makes up the serous pericardium?
- visceral layer
- parietal layer
- external fibrous pericardium
- simple sqaumous epithelial tissue that secretes fluid into space.
What type of tissue makes up the fibrous pericardium?
Dense, fibrous CT
What is the function of the pericardium?
- fixes the heart in the chest cavity
- protection against infection
- provides lubrication for the heart when it beats or moves
A 65-year-old male presents to the emergency department with chest pain and difficulty breathing. Testing reveals that he has a pericardial effusion. This is caused by fluid building up in which location around the heart?
Between the visceral pericardium and the parietal pericardium
What are the walls of the arteries?
- Tunica intima
- Tunica media
- Tunica adventitia or externa
