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Histology > Lecture 11 - Lymphatics and Immune System > Flashcards

Lecture 11 - Lymphatics and Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

General Flow of Lymphatic Vessels

A
  1. Excess interstitial fluid is taken up by a lymphatic capillary
  2. Moves through lymphatic vessels
  3. Arrives at lymph node (filters lymph)
  4. Continues to other node(s)
  5. Returns to vasculature (subclavian vein)
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2
Q

Where does excess interstitial fluid come from?

A

Blood is filtered at the arterial end of a capilary
Most, but not all filtrate is reabsorbed at the venous end
Fluid “left behind” is taken up by lymphatics

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3
Q

What is filtered by the lymph?

A

Water
Electrolytes
Small amount of protein

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4
Q

What is the anchoring filament between the endothelial cell and lymph made of?

A

Elastin

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5
Q

Will proteins be easily transported into the lymphatic capillary?

A

Yes.

Lymph space is big, so it is easily transported to capillary. Only a small amount of protein though.

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6
Q

A blockage in a lymphatic vessel will cause _______ and _______.

A
  1. Increase in protein and water in interstitial space.

2. Non-pitting edema

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7
Q

A blockage in a venule vessel will cause _______ and _______.

A
  1. Increase in water in interstitial space (Increased hydrostatic pressure)
  2. Pitting Edema
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8
Q

What moves lymph towards thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct and what prevents it from backing up?

A

Smooth Muscles in Wall
Skeletal Muscles
Valves

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9
Q

Types of Immune Responses

A

Innate

Adaptive

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10
Q

Features of Innate Immune Response

A
  1. Non-specific
  2. Fast/always present
  3. No memory
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11
Q

Features of Adaptive Immune Response

A
  1. Specific
  2. Slower to develop
  3. Memory
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12
Q

Types of Memory Responses of the Adaptive Immune System

A
  1. Humoral - Antibodies

2. Cell Mediated - T Cells

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13
Q

Parts of the innate immune system (5)

A
  1. Immune Cells
  2. Mucous Membranes
  3. Skin
  4. Stomach Acid
  5. Saliva
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14
Q

What do the cells of the immune system need to do?

A
  1. Detect and identify it as foreign
  2. Communicate w/ other immune cells to rally an organized response
  3. Coordinate the response among all participants
  4. Destroy or suppress the invader
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15
Q

What types of cells are involved w/ the innate immune system?

A
  1. Macrophages
  2. Mast Cells
  3. Natural Killer Cells
  4. Neutrophils
  5. Plasma Cells
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16
Q

What is a main contributor to the redness and swelling associated w/ inflammation?

A

Degranulation of mast cells - release histamine causing swelling and redness

17
Q

What happens after a tissue is damaged?

A
  1. Mast Cell, Injured Cell, and Macrophage Release Cytokines and Chemokines
  2. Histamine, Prostaglandins, and Leukotrines act as inflammatory mediators and cause redness and swelling
18
Q

What are cytokines and chemokines?

A

Protein messengers that are released from a cell and affect the differentiation/activity of another cell
-Chemo attractive, chemotactic cytokines

19
Q

Where does pus in a wound come from?

A

Macrophages and neutrophils were attracted to the site of infection
They recognize the bacteria as foreign
They phagocytize the bacteria

20
Q

Microbes have molecules that are ______ from those on our cells

A

different

21
Q

What are PAMPs?

A

Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns
The collection of different molecules on microbes that are different from those on our cells
how body recognizes self from non-self

22
Q

What cell type recogonizes PAMPs? What happens when they do?

A 
Macrophage or Neutrophil
Phagocytize bacteria (if there is a lot, you get pus)
23
Q

How does the body fight viruses?

A

Natural Killer Cells

24
Q

What do Natural Killer Cells attack?

A

Virally Infected Cells

Tumor Cells

25
Q

What cell mediates Adaptive Immunity?

A

Lymphocytes

26
Q

What do lymphocytes differentiate into?

A

B Cell, T Cell Precurosr, NK Cell

27
Q

Where does a lymphoblast differentiate into immunce cells/precursors? Where do the cells go afterwards?

A

Bone Marrow

Blood

28
Q

Once in the blood, where do B cells go?

A

Connective tissue, epithelia, secondary lymphoid organs

29
Q

Once in the blood, where do NK cells go?

A

CT, epithelia, seconary lymphoid organs

30
Q

Once in the blood, where do T cell precurors (CD4-, CD8-) go?

A

Thymus

Differentiate into CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells, then go to CT, epithelia, and secondary lymphoid organs

31
Q

What are naive cells? List them.

A

Cells that have not been exposed to antigen.

  1. B Cell
  2. T Cell Precursors (Blood) and Matured T Cells (Thymus)
  3. NK Cells

Histology (19 decks)

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