Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharmacology I > Lecture 29 - Anticoagulants + Hemostatic > Flashcards

Lecture 29 - Anticoagulants + Hemostatic Flashcards

1
Q

What are examples of hypercoaguable states?

A 
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 
IMHA 
Cushing's disease 
Acute phase inflammation 
Protein-losing nephropathy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are examples of a hypocoaguable state?

A

post-surgery
Genetic bleeding disorders
Liver failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the three necessary components of a functional clotting system?

A

Production of clotting factors
Functional platelets
Break down of clots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the breaking down of blood clots called

A

Firbinolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What interacts with blotting factors to induce the coagulation cascade?

A

Platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the factors within the intrinsic pathway?

A

12 - 11 - 9 - 8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the factors within the extrinsic pathway?

A

Tissue factor - 7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where are the extrinsic molecules located?

A

Wall of the blood vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What tests the extrinsic pathway?

A

PT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What tests the intrinstic pathway?

A

aPTT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is part of the common pathway?

A

Factor 10

2 - 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is factor 2 known as?

A

Thrombin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is factor I known as?

A

Fibrinogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does fibrinogen do?

A

Polymerizes into a clot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the factors that depend on Vitamin K?

A

2 - 7 - 9 - 10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does vitamin K activate certain Factors in the coag pathway?

A

Reduced –> Oxidized state

with y-glutamyl carboxylase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What recycles y-glutamyl carboxylase back to reduced form?

A

Vitamin K epoxide reductase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is warfarin used in, in an extra-label use manner?

A

Food animals + Horses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how is warfarin distributed throughout the body?

A

Via plasma protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the differences that you see in 1/2 life of warfarin?

A

extremely long in cats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How is warfarin metabolized?

A

Hepatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How is warfarin excreted?

A

Urine + Feces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Why is the use of warfarin complicated?

A

Very small theraputic index

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is seen with warfarin toxicity?

A

Fatal hemorrhade w/ anemia
Hematomas all over
Congenital malformation in dogs + cats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are therapeutic complications seen with warfarin use?
Dogs tolerant within a month Need frequent testing of PT Drug interactions
26
When do you see warfarin toxicity?
Antirodenticides | Moldy sweet clover + Sweet vernal hay
27
What is the biggest problem when it comes to warfarin toxicity in AZ?
Sweet clover
28
Where does warfarin affect the coag pathway?
Vit. K epoxide reductase
29
Why does giving Vitamin K in Warfarin toxicity help the animal?
Concentration of Vitamin K now high enough it can bypass the reductase and use DL-diaphorase instead
30
When, besides warfarin toxicity, is Vitamin K used for treatment?
Chronic sulfonamide treatment of birds for coccidiosis Congenital, vit. K dependent coagulopathy Porcine hemorrhagic syndrome
31
Why wont Vitamin K adminstration help animals in chronic liver failure?
The enzyme used to bypass the system is no longer being made in high enough quantities to help
32
How should Vitamin K be given?
Dogs - with fatty meal PO | Food animals/Horses - IM/SC
33
Why is Vd of vitamin K low?
Bind to chylomicrons + concentrating in the liver
34
How long does it take for a therapeutic effect of Vitamin K to occur?
6 ot 12 hours
35
What adverse reactions are seen with vitamin K adminstration?
Anaphylaxis
36
What are the three types of blood products?
Fresh/Fresh frozen plasma Whole blood Packed RBC's
37
Which of the blood products does not help with hemostasis?
Packed RBC's
38
What is contained within whole blood?
Coagulation factors, platelets, + RBC's
39
What is contained within FFP?
All Coagulation factors
40
What is the ranking of shelf life within the blood products?
FFP > WB ~ Fresh plasma
41
What is the risk, comparatively, of transfusion reactions wtih blood products?
FFP ~ FP
42
What are the two types of heparin?
Sulfate + LMW heparin
43
What is the structure of Heparin Sulfate?
Large glycosaminoglycan
44
What is the route of administration for heparin?
IV
45
What is the distribution of heparin?
Confined to the ciruclation
46
What is heparin metabolized by?
Liver + Reticuloendothelial cells
47
What is the length of therapeutic efficacy after a single dose in a dog?
5 to 6 hours
48
What happens with IM or deep admin of heparin?
Hematomas
49
What can cause thrombocytopenia with heparin administration?
Nonspecific binding of heparin to platelets
50
What happens as an adverse reaction in horses due to heparin admin?
RBC agglutination
51
What is the reversal agent for heparin?
Prothamine sulfate
52
What are the adverse effects of prothamine?
Pulmonary hypertension + Hypersensitivity rxn + Vascular hypotension + Bradycardia
53
What are the four steps to clot activation?
Injury + Initiation + Extension + Stabilization
54
At what step in clot activation does thrombin come in?
Extension
55
What is released by endothelial cells when injury occurs?
PGI + NO | CD39 on surface
56
With aspirin administration what do you have to keep in mind when giving it to a wind range of animals?
Only works in monogastrics
57
What is the distribution of acetylsalicylic acid within the body?
Plasma protein binding
58
What is acetylsalicylic acid converted to once in the body?
Salicylate
59
What time of metabolism does acetylsalicylic acid go through?
Modified by 2nd pass mechanisms
60
What occurs in cats given acetylsalicylic acid ?
Prolonged half life due them lacking the glucoronylation pathway
61
How is acetylsalicylic acid eliminated?
Renal
62
Acetylsalicylic acid 1/2 life: Dogs
8 hours
63
Acetylsalicylic acid 1/2 life: Cats
38 hours
64
Acetylsalicylic acid 1/2 life: Horses
30 min
65
What happens with Acetylsalicylic acid overdose?
Metabolic acidosis | Depression + Vomiting + Hyperventilation + Hyperthermia
66
What adverse reaction can be seen in horses with colic when given Acetylsalicylic acid ?
Nephrotoxicity | Even more so when horse is on aminoglycoside AB's
67
What drugs does Acetylsalicylic acid interaction?
Furosemide + Spironolactone Increase clearance of corticosteroids Increase or decrease secretion if urine pH is changed
68
What is Clopidogrel being found to be great to treat?
Cardiogenic embolism in cats - survival rate DOUBLEd
69
Where does Clopidogrel work in the pathway?
``` Blocks receptor for platelet activation = no plug formation NO ADP, can't bind to R on platelet anymore ```
70
What does Clopidogrel require to work?
Low pH
71
What are the characteristics of the metabolism of Clopidogrel?
Inactive until 1st pass metabolism
72
Clopidogrel 1/2: Cats
3 days
73
Clopidogrel 1/2 life: dogs
3 hours
74
Clopidogrel 1/2 life: horses
75
What drug interactions are seen with Clopidogrel?
Proton pump inhibitors -- and -- Histamine inhibitors
76
What are the two types of topicals used for the coag pathway?
Type 1: Activate patients platelets | Type 2: Fibrinogen + Activating agent = Quick clot/gel formation
77
Describe: Collasate
Type I collagen foam | Activates platelets by binding to collagen receptor
78
What protein is responsible for fibrinolysis?
Plasmin
79
What activates plasmin?
Tissue plasminogen activators
80
What are the indications for using TPa?
Pulmonary thormboembolism -- and -- Arterila thromboembolism
81
What does the drug E-aminocaproic acid affect?
stops tPA from activating plasminogen
82
How is E-aminocaproic acid used in horses?
Guttural pouch bleeding
83
How is E-aminocaproic acid used in dogs?
Post-sx bleeding in sighthounds
84
How is E-aminocaproic acid admin?
IV
85
What are the hemostatic drug groups?
Topical Systemic Anti-fibrinolytic
86
Drugs within: Topical
Collasate
87
Drugs within: Hemostatic Systemic
Vitamin K -- and -- Blood + Blood components
88
Drugs within: Anti-fibrinolytic
E-aminocaproic acid
89
What are the anticoagulant drug groups?
Fibrinolytics Antiplatelet drugs Systemic
90
Drugs within: Fibrinolytics
tPA
91
Drugs within: Anti-platelet
Clopidogrel -- and-- Asprin
92
Drugs within: Anti-coagulant Systemic
Heparin -- and -- Warfarin

Pharmacology I (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions