Lymphatics Flashcards Preview

Principles of Disease > Lymphatics > Flashcards

Flashcards in Lymphatics Deck (29)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What are the functions of the lymphatic system?

A
  • tissue drainage
  • return of plasma and plasma proteins
  • absorbed fat transport from gut
  • immunity
2
Q

How do lymphatic vessels differ from blood vessels?

A

They absorb proteins and other large molecules from tissue fluids

3
Q

Name 5 lymphatic tissues?

A
  • thymus
  • spleen
  • tonsils
  • nodules
  • bone marrow
4
Q

What role does the lymphatic system play in tissue drainage?

A

It drains escaped cell-free plasma from the extracellular spaces back to the venous system

5
Q

What is the composition of lymph?

A
  • Lymph is fluid and plasma proteins.
  • It gains lymphocytes as it flows through the lymphatic capillaries.
  • Fats ate added in the small intestine.
6
Q

What does lymphatic flow rely on?

A
  • muscle contraction
  • pressure changes
  • gravity
7
Q

Why is lymphatic flow unidirectional?

A

Valves

8
Q

Why does fluid flow into extracellular spaces increase during infection?

A

Due to protein accumulation (osmosis) that drives increased lymph flow and therefore immune response in nodes, as more antigens are presented and phagocytosis occurs.

9
Q

Where are the immunological functions of lymph located?

A

Where lymph nodes are periodically traversed by lymphatic vessels

10
Q

Where do groups of lymph nodes occur?

A

at the bases of major arterial trunks

11
Q

How much fluid is absorbed in the lymph nodes each day?

A

8L

12
Q

How does efferent lymph differ from afferent lymph?

A

efferent lymph is filtered and contains more antibodies

13
Q

What are germinal centres?

A

the secondary lymphoid follicles

14
Q

What will be filtered out by the lymph nodes?

A

inert particles

15
Q

What does anthracotic mean?

A

carbon containing

16
Q

What are the lymph drainage roots?

A
  • limbs either superficial follow superficial veins or deep follow deep arteries and veins
  • cavities follow deep arteries
17
Q

Where are lymphatic vessels absent from?

A
  • eyeball
  • CNS
  • inner ear
  • epidermis
  • cartilage
  • bone
18
Q

Where are superficial inguinal nodes located?

A

In and around the femoral triangle at the base of the lower limb

19
Q

Where is the saphenous opening and what does it demarcate?

A

It is in the fascia lata (deep fascia of the thigh)

-Demarcates between superficial and deep routes of lymphatic drainage

20
Q

Where are 50% of nodes located?

A

abdomen and pelvis

21
Q

What are pre-aortic nodes associated with?

A

The midline, unpaired aortic branches supplying the GIT, drainage via named arterial noes

22
Q

What are para-aortic (lateral/lumbar) nodes associated with?

A

Paired, lateral branches to body wall and paired organs

23
Q

How can lymph nodes develop into disease?

A

-primary tumours (lymphomas) such as Hodgkin’s
-secondary tumours as a result of metastasis from other sites?
-infection such as TB and glandular fever (mononucleosis)
inflammatory hyperplase

24
Q

Describe lymph drainage.

A
  • Initially symmetrical from limbs, head, neck and trunk
  • ultimately all lymph congregates into 2 large lymph ducts
  • these empty into the venous system at the jugular/subclavian junction
25
Q

How is lymph involved in fat transport?

A

Lymph returning from the small intestine is laden with absorbed fats, which will also drain to the SVC and eventually to the liver for absorption

26
Q

Where are lymphocytes generated and matured?

A
  • thymus and bone marrow
  • spleen
  • lymph nodes
  • peyers patches
  • tonsils
  • lymphocytes
27
Q

Where is the spleen located?

A

upper left quadrant of abdomen

28
Q

What does the spleen contain?

A

large amounts of bl0ood, routinely discharged via smooth muscle action

29
Q

What is white pulp?

A

The immune function where T (PALS) and B(germinal centres) cells are found