Flashcards in Virus Pathogenesis Deck (19):
1
What are 3 virus pathogenic mechanisms?
-cell destruction following virus infection
-virus induced changes to cellular gene expression (cellular transformation by tumour viruses)
-immunopathogenic disease
2
What is an example of cell destruction following viral infection?
Death of T4+ cells by HIV
3
What are 2 examples of immunopathogenic disease?
-influenza A virus
Coxsackievirus- induced myocarditis
4
What are the site of viral entry? (7)
-conjunctiva
-arthropod
-capillary
-skin
-respiratory tract
-alimentary tract
-urogenital tract
5
What kind of virus does the influenza A virus cause?
respiratory infection
6
What kind of infections does enterovirus cause?
-enteric
-neurological
7
Describe the process of infection by the influenza A virus.
-virus infects cells of the respiratory tract
-destruction of respiratory epithelium
-altered cytokine expression leading to fever
8
Name 2 examples of cytokines that when expression is altered can lead to fever.
-interleukin-1
-interferon
9
What can cause a cytokine storm?
Avian influenza virus (H5N1)
10
What is antigenic drift?
gradual evolution of viruses to generate antigenic variants
11
What is antigenic shift??
significant changes in virus antigenic structure
12
What plays a key role in generating new virus types through antigenic shift?
non-human hosts
13
Name 5 examples of conditions and the enterovirus they are caused by.
-poliomyelitis (poliovirus)
-aseptic meningitis (many enteroviruses)
-myocarditis (coxsackie B viruses)
-pancreatitis (coxsackie B viurses)
-respiratory infection (many enteroviruses)
14
Give an example of a latent virus which has 2 types.
-Herpes simplex virus
-Type 1 =cold sores
-Type 2= genital lesions
15
Describe the process of infection by the latent herpes virus.
-primary infection of epithelial cells
-virus migrates to ganglia
-virus remains latent in nucleus= no virus replication
-stimuli such as sunlight reactivates virus
-virus migration to epithelial cells leading to virus replication
16
Give 2 examples of viruses which can induce tumours and what they can cause.
-Papillomaviruses- cervical carcinoma
-Retroviruses- lymphomas and leukaemias
17
What does HTLV-1 cause and how is it transmitted?
-variety of diseases including leukaemia (adult T cell lymphoma-leukaemia)
-transmission by blood and mother to child
18
What does HTLV-1 do?
modifies host cell gene expression using a transactivating protein (tax)
19