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Year 2 Hematology > Malaria > Flashcards

Malaria Flashcards

(42 cards)

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1
Q

what are the five species of plasmodium that cause malaria in humans?

A
  1. falciparum
  2. vivax
  3. malariae
  4. ovale
  5. knowlesi
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2
Q

what is the distribution of p. falciparum?

A

world wide

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3
Q

what is the distribution of p. vivax?

A

mostly in Asia, some in sub-Saharan Africa

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4
Q

what is the distribution of p. malariae?

A

world wide

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5
Q

what is the distribution of p. ovale?

A

Africa, parts of Asia, Pacific Islands

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6
Q

what is the distribution of p. knowlesi?

A

Malaysia, parts of Southeast Asia

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7
Q

most of the cases of malaria are caused by what species of plasmodium?

A

falciparum and vivax

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8
Q

which two species of plasmodium can take on a dormant form in the liver? what is the name of this form?

A
  1. vivax and ovale

2. hypnozoite

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9
Q

what is the clinical feature of malaria?

A

malarial paroxysm

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10
Q

malarial paroxysm is associated with which phase of the plasmodium life cycle?

A

synchronous release of merozoites and lysis of RBCs

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11
Q

what are the stages of malarial paroxysm? how long is each phase?

A
  1. cold - 15-60 minutes
  2. hot - 2-6 hours
  3. sweat - 8-12 hours
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12
Q

what is the duration and pattern of paroxysm for p. vivax and ovale?

A

every 48 hours (tertian)

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13
Q

what is the duration and pattern of paroxysm for p. malariae?

A

every 72 hours (quartan)

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14
Q

what is the duration and pattern of paroxysm for p. falciparum?

A

roughly every 48 hours

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15
Q

what is the duration and pattern of paroxysm for p. knowlesi?

A

every 24 hours

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16
Q

the most severe form of malaria is caused by what species? why?

A
  1. falciparum

2. highest parasitemia - more than 20% of circulating RBCs can become infected

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17
Q

what is the most common species of plasmodium?

18
Q

what is the most severe complication of of falciparum malaria?

Study These Flashcards
A

cerebral malaria

19
Q

what is the incubation period for falciparum?

20
Q

what is the incubation period for vivax and ovale?

21
Q

what is the most severe complication for vivax and ovale?

Study These Flashcards
A

splenic rupture

22
Q

what is the incubation period for malariae?

23
Q

symptomatic recrudescence occurs in which species of plasmodium?

24
Q

what are the three mechanisms of malarial anemia?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. RBC rupture
  2. suppression of erythropoiesis by cytokines
  3. RBC destructionby spleen
25
falciparum and knowlesi infect what type of RBC?
any type, old or young
26
vivax and ovale infect which type of RBC?
only reticulocytes vivax - must have Duffy blood group determinants ovale - Duffy negative or positive
27
malariae infects which type of RBC?
old RBCs
28
what are the secondary symptoms of malaria?
1. hypoglycemia / lactic acidosis - CNS depression | 2. microvascular sequestration - cerebral malaria
29
what are the hallmark features of falciparum on PBS?
1. purple bananas!! (gametocytes) | 2. multiple ring forms
30
what are the hallmark features of vivax and ovale on PBS?
1. pale bloated RBCs | 2. Schuffner dots
31
what are the hallmark features of p. malariae on PBS?
band forms
32
babesiosis is transmitted by what vector?
tick
33
which populations are most vulnerable to babesiosis infection?
elderly, asplenic, immunosuppressed
34
what is the hallmark sign of babesiosis on PBS?
maltese cross
35
what is the treatment for babesiosis?
quinine and clindamycin
36
most of the malaria drugs target what form of the parasite?
asexual blood forms
37
where is the only place where chloroquine can responsibly be prescribed for malaria?
west of the Panama Canal - Mexico, Haiti, Dominican Republic
38
what is the major adverse effect of quinine?
hypoglycemia - induces insulin secretion
39
what drug is used in areas that are resistant to chloroquine?
mefloquine
40
which drug kills the hypnozoite forms of plasmodium?
primaquine
41
what is the major toxicity for primaquine?
RBC lysis in persons with G6PD deficiency
42
radical cure is necessary for following clinical cure of what species of plasmodium?
vivax and ovale

Year 2 Hematology (34 decks)

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