MMT: nutrition and development

Question 1

What is nutritional programming?

Answer 1

Mechanisms in which nutrition and dietary patterns, behaviors, and environment during pregnancy and first 2 years of life determine health and risk of disease later in life.

Question 2

What broad categories can we alter with proper nutrition?

Answer 2

Neurodevelopment, obesity, CVD disease, allergy, immune disorders.

Question 3

What time period is super important for nutrition and diet modeling in kids?

Answer 3

First 1000 days of life.

Question 4

What are lifetime issues with stunting?

Answer 4

Higher mortality, lower IQ, lower average income, loss of GDP in some countries.

Question 5

What are types of malnutrition?

Answer 5

Undernutrition, micronutrient malnutrition, over nourishment.

Question 6

How many kcals do infants need in a day?

Answer 6

110.

Question 7

How many kcals do people over 15 need in a day?

Answer 7

40-45.

Question 8

How much fluid do infants kids 10 kgs need?

Answer 8

100 ml.

Question 9

How much fluid do kids 10-20 kgs need?

Answer 9

50 ml.

Question 10

How much fluid do those above 20 kgs need?

Answer 10

20 ml.

Question 11

What are common nutrient concerns in infants?

Answer 11

Vitamin D or iron deficiency.

Question 12

How do we prevent vitamin D deficiency in infants?

Answer 12

Supplementation!

Question 13

When can kids start whole milk?

Answer 13

After 12 months.

Question 14

How long do term infants have iron stores?

Answer 14

Until 4-6 months.

Question 15

What infants receive iron supplement?

Answer 15

Breastfed infants at 4 months old until they start iron fortified foods.

Question 16

What should be the first solid food introduced?

Answer 16

Pureed meats (for the iron!).

Question 17

How many times should new foods be introduced to toddlers?

Answer 17

10 times.

Question 18

How do we restrict fat/cholesterol in kids under 2?

Answer 18

We don’t! They need the fat for brain development.

Question 19

How much juice can kids have a day?

Answer 19

They really shouldn’t have any, but maybe 4-6 oz a day of sweetened beverages.

Question 20

What are diet concerns in adolescents?

Answer 20

Low consumption of fruit/veggies, excess sugary beverages and fast food, low consumption of whole grains and calcium.

Question 21

What are nutrition associated risks for adolescents?

Answer 21

Iron deficiency anemia (especially menstruating females), poor bone mineralization, eating disorders, obesity.

Question 22

How do we measure stature in kids?

Answer 22

If they’re younger than 2 measure length, if they’re older than 2 and can stand measure height.

Question 23

What is an alternative to measure weight in kids?

Answer 23

Mid-upper arm circumference.

Question 24

How do we measure weight in kids?

Answer 24

Grams for infants, kg for older children.

Question 25

When do we measure head circumference?

Answer 25

0-36 months.

Question 26

When do we start using BMI?

Answer 26

Over 2.

Question 27

What growth chart is used for kids 0-2?

Answer 27

WHO growth chart; has length, weight, head circumference, and weight or length.

Question 28

What growth chart do we use for kids 2-20?

Answer 28

CDC. Has height, weight, and BMI.

Question 29

How long do we correct for weight and stature for premature infants?

Answer 29

24; 40.

Question 30

What will a Z score be for weight for height in a child who is wasting?

Answer 30

Less than -2.

Question 31

What will a z score be for height for age in stunting?

Answer 31

Less than -2.

Question 32

What is the z score for weight for age in a child who is underweight?

Answer 32

Less than -2.

Question 33

What is the etiology of undernutrition in kids?

Answer 33

Insufficient usable nutrition; may be from inadequate calorie intake, inadequate absorption, excessive energy expenditure, or defective utilization.