Module 10 Pt 1: Blood Vessels & Blood Flashcards by Breanne Squire

Name the 3 layers of blood vessel walls (Inside-Out)

Tunica Interna
Tunica Media
Tunica Externa

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Tunica Interna: Location
Characteristic
Tissue type

inner layer;
direct contact with blood
Simple squamous epithelium & basement membrane

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Tunica Media: Location

Contains what tissue types

middle layer;

contains smooth muscle, collagen & elastic fibers

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Smooth muscle of _____ _____ allows for greater control of blood flow due to change in diameter to meet different needs.

Tunica Media

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

An increase in vessel diameter occurs when smooth muscle in tunica media relaxes allowing for increased flow aka ______

Vasodilation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A decrease in vessel diameter when smooth muscle of tunica media contracts, restricting blood flow aka ____

Vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Tunica Externa: Location

Tissue type

outer layer;

loose connective tissue

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fxn of loose connective tissue in the Tunica Externa of the blood vessels

Protects and anchors vessels in place

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Ventricles pump blood where

ventricles pump blood away from the heart into the tissues (pulmonary or systemic system)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Arteries carry blood where

arteries carry blood away from the heart into circulatory routes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name the three types of arteries

Conducting Arteries
Distributing Arteries
Arterioles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Conducting Arteries: structure & examples

Largest artery; ie aorta & pulmonary trunk

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Distributing Arteries: structure
Fxn
Examples

smaller branches from conducting arteries
deliver blood to specific regions or organs
ex/ circumflex artery & left pulmonary artery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Arterioles: aka …
structure,
Fxn

aka resistance arteries
smallest form of artery, branch from distributing artery
supply very local regions of the body

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Capillaries: Structure
Fxn
Contains tissue type…

Smallest blood vessels, form when arterioles branch
Fxn in exchanges in gases, nutrients & waste products
Consist of endothelium & basement membrane

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Capillaries form beds between _____ & ______.

Arterioles & Venules

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Arterioles carry blood …

away from the heart

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Venules carry blood …

toward the heart

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Capillaries lack ____ ____ & ____ _____

Tunica Externa & Tunica Media

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The lack of the tunica externa & tunica media allow the capillaries to be ….

highly permeable

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

____ form when capillaries merge & _____ carry blood back to the heart

Veins; Vessels

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name the 3 types of veins

Venules; Medium veins; Large veins

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Venule Fxn

drain blood from capillary beds & return blood to heart

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Medium Veins: structure & fxn

form when venules merge & contain valves

drain larger areas & carry more blood

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Medium Veins contain special folds of ____ ____ called ____.

Tunica Interna; Valves

Valve Fxn

insure blood does not back up & flow in the wrong direction

Large Veins: Structure | Examples

Largest vessels; Form when medium veins merge | Ex/ inferior vena cava & pulmonary veins

Flow of blood back to the heart is known as

Venous Return

Pressure gradient of blood flow is dependent on the force generated by the ______.

Ventricles

Blood pressure is _____ in the arteries than in the veins because ________ of the heart contract with the most force

higher; ventricles

Ventricles pump blood into ______ & ______ circuits

Pulmonary & systemic

The highest pressure in the arteries when the ventricles are contracting is known as

systolic pressure

The lowest pressure when the ventricles are relaxing and at rest is known as

diastolic pressure

Functions of Blood

Transportation Protection Regulation of pH

Blood is composed of

formed elements & plasma

Formed Elements of blood are

RBC (45%); WBC (1%); Platelets (55%)

Name the three primary proteins Plasma is composed of

Fibrinogen Albumin Globulin

Fibrinogen

sticky protein | precursor to Fibrin which fxns in coagulation/clotting

Albumin

most abundant; influences bp, volume and flow transports blood solutes maintains blood pH

Globulin

has 3 classes of protein (alpha, beta, gamma) | fxns in blood clotting & protection as antibodies

Plasma also has non-protein components including

water (makes up 92% of plasma) | electrolytes, glucose, wastes, gases

Hemopoiesis

production of formed elements

What produces the majority of formed elements

red bone marrow

Lymphocytes

WBCs produced by lymphatic system

WBCs & RBCs originate from a bone marrow stem cell called

hemopoietic cells

Platelets are formed by cytoplasmic fragments of a large marrow called

megakaryocytes

Erythropoiesis

development of RBC

Leukopoiesis

development of WBC

Thrombopoiesis

development of platelets

RBC Structure

biconcave & discoid have no DNA, mitochondria or nucleus not technically "true cells" since they cannot reproduce themselves

RBC fxn

carries O2 from lungs throughout body & picks up CO2 from body to lungs to be expelled

RBCs require ______ to transport O2 & CO2 in the blood

Hemoglobin

RBC's life cycle is 120 days. at their end of life cycle their membranes deteriorate and cells are broken down by the liver and spleen. This process is called

Hemolysis

What happens if hemoglobin is not broken down properly?

it will block tubules in kidneys are lead to renal failure

How is hemoglobin properly broken down?

into its components, heme & globin

Globin breaks down into

amino acids

For heme to break down, _____ must be removed from heme and put into blood to be reused or converted into bile pigment by the liver.

iron

Bloods cells that only spend a few hours in the blood stream then migrate into connective tissues

WBCs

WBCs Fxn

immune defense & protection from toxins, pathogens, etc.

WBCs are classified into two categories

Granulocytes & Agranulocytes

Granulocytes: Structure, Fxn, Name 3 types

cytoplasmic granules store products of cell metabolism Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils

Neutrophils: characteristic & fxn

most abundant WBC phagocytize bacteria & release antimicrobial to fight bacteria numbers increase during infections

Eosinophils: characteristic & fxn

counts fluctuate daily; anti-inflammatory & phagocytic fight allergens parasites, worms

Basophils: characteristic & fxn

rarest WBC; not phagocytic - release histamine & heparin - heal damaged tissue & release factors that call neutrophils & eosinophils to action

histamine

vasodilator; increase flow to tissues

Heparin

anticoagulant; prevents clotting

Agranulocytes: characteristic | name two types

No cytoplasmic granules Lymphocytes Monocytes

Lymphocytes: characteristic & fxn

abundant and small destroy cancer cells, cells infected with viruses, etc. fxn in immune memory, secret antibodies & coordinate other immune cells

Monocytes

largest in size of WBCs; phagocytize pathogens, dead neutrophils, debris leave bloodstream & form macrophages in various tissues

Module 10 Pt 1: Blood Vessels & Blood Flashcards

(69 cards)