Module 15 - Female Reproductive System Flashcards
(111 cards)
1
Q
Name the primary sex organs of the reproductive system & specifically of the female / male reproductive system
A
Gonads; Ovaries & testes
2
Q
What are the sex cells produced by the gonads
A
gametes
3
Q
Gametes in Females are the
A
ovum or egg
4
Q
In every somatic cell in our body there are how many chromosomes?
A
46 (23 pairs)
5
Q
46 chromosomes are aka the..
A
Diploid number (2n)
6
Q
In ______ there are half the number of chromosomes, 23. This is a _______ number and is written how?
A
Gametes;
Haploid shown as 1n
7
Q
In female eggs there are two ____ chromosomes
A
X
8
Q
In male sperm there is an ___ & ___ chromosome
A
XY
9
Q
All chromosomes are called _________, with the exception of ____ ________.
A
Autosomes; Sex Chromosomes
10
Q
Result of fertilization is the formation of a
A
Zygote
11
Q
A Zygote will start dividing as soon as it forms. This cell division is called ______ and will produce cells with 46 chromosomes.
A
mitosis
12
Q
Zygotes divide by ______ and Gametes divide by _____.
A
Mitosis ; Meiosis
13
Q
Meiosis is a ______ division
A
reduction
14
Q
Fxns of the Female reproductive system (PSFS)
A
Production of eggs
Site of fertilization / fetal development
Fetal nourishment
Secretion of hormones
15
Q
Name the secondary/ accessory organs in females
UUVE
A
Uterine tubes
Uterus
Vagina
External Genitalia
16
Q
The Vagina is aka
A
birth canal
17
Q
The mucous that lubricates the vagina comes from the outer ______ ______ & _______.
A
Serous membrane; Cervix
18
Q
Lower end of vagina contains _____ _____ which helps to stimulate ______.
A
vaginal rugae; ejaculation
19
Q
Female external genitalia are collectively called
A
Vulva
20
Q
The _____ _____ & _____ _____ are tissue folds that surround the urinary & reproductive external orifices.
A
labium majus & labium minus
21
Q
The _____ is a collection of specialized cells that has no urinary or reproductive function; it is entirely sensory.
A
Clitoris
22
Q
The ____ ____ overlays the pubic bone & bears most of the pubic hair
A
mons pubis
23
Q
The mons pubis is composed of
A
adipose tissue
24
Q
The ____ mucosa layer forms a membrane called the _____.
A
Inner; Hymen
25
Hymen is location
across the opening of vaginal canal
26
Vaginal epithelium is what tissue type?
Stratified cuboidal
27
Ovaries are attached to the
uterus
28
_____ _____ secure them to the uterus
ovarian ligaments
29
________ is parietal peritoneum
Mesometrium
30
Mesometrium holds the uterus, ovary, and uterine tubes in position, within the ______ _____.
Peritoneal cavity
31
There are two ____ layers surrounding the uterus - the inner & outer layers aka..
Serous;
| Visceral (inner) & parietal (outer)
32
Suspensory ligaments contain what?
Ovarian artery, veins & nerves
33
____ ____ secure ovaries to pelvic wall
Suspensory ligaments
34
Interior of the ovary is divided into the
cortex & medulla
35
The cortex is outer portion where the _____ cells & _____ develop.
germ cells & follicles
36
The medulla is primarily occupied by
major arteries & veins
37
The egg or ovum develops inside a fluid-filled structure called a _____.
follicle
38
Name the follicle types according to their maturity
Primordial follicles
Primary follicles
Secondary follicles
Mature follicles
39
Fxn of follicles
nourish developing oocyte
| secrete estrogen
40
In primordial & primary follicles the primary oocyte is surrounded by
single layer of follicular cells
41
When primary follicle matures to a secondary follicle the oocyte is surrounded by
stratified granulosa cells
42
Mature follicles aka
Graafian follicles
43
In mature follicles the follicular cells become fluid filled cavity called
antrum
44
What are the 2 muscular tubes that extend from ovary to uterus
uterine tubes
45
Distal end of the uterine tubes expand to form
infundibulum
46
Ampulla
middle & longest part of the uterine tubes
47
Isthmus
narrower end of uterine tube toward uterus
48
Fimbriae: Structure & location
fingerlike projections found at distal end of uterine tubes
49
Fimbriae: Fxn
directs ovulated egg into uterine tube
50
Name the walls of the uterine tubes
| innermost to outer layer
Inner - Mucous lined with ciliated cells
Middle - smooth muscle
Outer - Serous membrane
51
_____ & _____ action, in the middle layer of the uterine tubes, transport oocyte or fertilized ovum to the uterus
Peristalsis & Ciliary
52
Uterine Tube is the site of
fertilization
53
Uterine tubes are not physically connected to the ovary, so _______ is required to help guide the egg in the right direction.
Fimbriae
54
Occasionally eggs do get lost in ______ _____.
Peritoneal cavity
55
Uterus: Structure & anatomical segments (three)
thick-walled, muscular chamber
1. Fundus (superior portion)
2. Body (central portion)
3. Cervix (narrow, inferior portion)
56
Below the uterus is the ____ ____. It has two openings: into the uterus called _____ ___ and opening into vagina called _____ ___.
Cervical Canal;
| Internal OS & External OS
57
If there is fertilization the zygote implants in the _____ ___.
Uterine wall
58
Name the 3 layers of the uterine wall
Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium
59
Perimetrium
Outer serosal layer of uterine wall
60
Myometrium
Middle muscular layer of uterine wall
61
Endometrium
Innermost; Mucosal layer
| highly vascular epithelial cells
62
Which layer of the uterine wall undergoes labor contractions during birth of the fetus
Myometrium
63
The Endometrium has two layers: name & location
Stratum Functionalis - closer to the cavity
| Stratum Basalis - Permanent layer
64
Fxn of Stratum Functionalis
sheds during menstruation & rebuilt if no implantation
65
Fxn of Stratum Basalis
builds functional layer after each menstruation
66
Vaginal Canal is made up of three layers- name from outside in
Outer - Adventitia layer
Middle - Muscularis layer
Inner - Mucosal layer
67
The Vaginal canal has an _____ pH level
Acidic
68
Non-lactating breast consists of mostly these two types of tissue & are modified ____ _____.
Adipose & Collagenous Tissue; sweat glands
69
In lactating breasts there are how many lobes around each nipple
15-20
70
In lactating breasts, the ______ _____ drains each lobe
Lactiferous duct
71
Describe the path of milk flow
| MLLNE
Mammary glands > Lactiferous ducts > lactiferous sinus > nipple > exterior
72
Before breast milk is produced, a thin secretion similar to breast milk but contains 1/3 less fat is produced, which provided nutrition for the first 1-3 days after birth. This is called
Colostrum
73
Breast Milk contains what?
| PS F.L.A.W.S
```
proteins
sugar
fats
lysozyme
antibodies
water
salts
```
74
Milk production is stimulated by what hormone
Prolactin
75
Milk ejection is controlled by what hormone
Oxytocin
76
oogonia is depicted as
2n
77
oogonia undergo mitosis to divide into
primary oocyte (2n)
78
At puberty, the anterior pituitary starts secreting what hormone?
FSH
79
With FSH stimulation the primary oocyte will resume & complete what process at the time of ovulation
Meiosis I
80
Every month a women completes ovulation without fertilization results in disintegration of the _____ _____ from the ovary.
secondary oocyte (n)
81
At completion of Meiosis I, results in one _____ _____ & one ____ _____.
secondary oocyte (n) & polar body (n)
82
Chromosomes are distributed between both secondary oocyte & polar body. The polar body will then disintegrate and the secondary oocyte (n) will start what?
Meiosis II
83
The ____ ____ will stimulate the release of the secondary oocyte from the ovary.
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
84
If ovulation results in fertilization the _____ _____ will complete Meiosis II and form what?
secondary oocyte;
| second polar body & ovum
85
The ovum and sperm fuse and form what?
zygote
86
The union of one secondary oocyte and a sperm is called
fertilization
87
Once a zygote, aka _____, is formed, all cell division is now _____.
Diploid; Mitosis
88
Name the two sexual cycles of female reproduction
Ovarian Cycle
| Uterine/Menstrual Cycle
89
Ovulation occurs on the ____ day in a 28 day cycle
14th
90
Ovarian cycle has three phases, name them in order.
Follicular
Ovulation
Luteal
91
The follicular phase duration
Day 1 to Day 13
92
FSH stimulates growth of _____ & Secretion of _____.
Growth of follicles & secretion of Estrogen
93
Menstruation duration
during first 3-5 days of cycle
94
Describe what happens during Ovulation
rupture of the mature follicle & release of its egg (secondary oocyte)
95
Estrogen stimulates a surge of ____ by the anterior pituitary gland.
LH
96
LH induces completion of ______ & production of the _____ ____
Meiosis I
| Secondary Oocyte
97
Luteal phase duration
Day 15 to Day 28
98
Once the secondary Oocyte ruptures and becomes an ovum during the completion of Meiosis II the follicle will remain and transition into what?
Corpus Luteum
99
What hormone stimulates and maintains the corpus luteum and the concentration of _____ & _____ rises
LH;
| Estrogen & progesterone
100
If fertilization does not occur the corpus luteum will shrink and become _____ _____.
Corpus Albicans
101
Name the 4 phases of the Menstrual cycle
| PPMS
Proliferative Phase
Premenstrual phase
Menstrual Phase
Secretory Phase
102
The functional layer of the endometrium has slowly started to build the ______ ______ under the influence of estrogen, what phase is this?
stratum functionalis
| Proliferative Phase
103
How long does the proliferative phase last
day 6-14
104
In what phase is the functional layer fully developed & ready to receive an egg?
Secretory phase
105
The _____ _____ secretes progesterone which further thickens the uterine wall
Corpus luteum
106
If the egg is not fertilized, the functional layer starts to break down. This phase is called
Premenstrual phase
107
When does the Premenstrual happen in the cycle?
last two days
108
What phase occurs with the discharge of menstrual fluid & how long does it last?
Menstrual phase; 5 days
109
The _____ _____ is shedding & rebuilding the endometrium
menstrual cycle
110
If no implantation occurs then 14 days after ovulation, the functional layer disintegrates and will be discharged as what?
This phenomenon is cause by a drop in _____ & ______.
50-150ml of blood, tissue fluid, cells
Estrogen & progesterone
111
What is the basic hierarchy of hormone control in the female sexual cycle?
Hypothalamus >> Anterior Pituitary (FSH & LH) >> ovaries (estrogen & progesterone) >> uterus
