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Anatomy & Physiology > Module 12: Digestive System > Flashcards

Module 12: Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Fxns of Digestive System (I.D.A.C.D.)

A 
Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Compaction
Defecation
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2
Q

Digestion occurs in two methods:

A

Mechanical & Chemical

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3
Q

Mechanical Digestion

A

Physical breakdown of food (ie chewing, grinding, churning)

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4
Q

Chemical Digestion

A

uses digestive chemicals such as enzymes

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5
Q

Name the tube that moves through the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small & large intestines

A

Digestive Tract

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6
Q

Name the four layers of the digestive tract

A

Mucosa, Submucosa, Muscularis & Serosa

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7
Q

Mucosa: Level of Layer
Type of Tissue
Function

A

Inner layer
contains epithelium & connective tissue
fxns in secretion & absorption

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8
Q

Submucosa: Type of Tissue
Contains (b/g/n)
Function

A

Made of connective tissue; contains blood vessels, glands, & nerves; functions in support

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9
Q

Muscularis

A

Made of muscle

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10
Q

In the mouth and upper esophagus, the Muscularis layer is made up of

A

Skeletal Muscle

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11
Q

Beginning in lower esophagus & throughout remaining digestive tract is made up of

A

Smooth Muscle

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12
Q

Serosa: Layer location
Type of tissue
Fxn

A

Outermost layer; made of epithelium & connective tissue; acts as covering

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13
Q

Function of accessory organs

A

aids digestion by producing enzymes or some form of mechanical digestion

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14
Q

Name accessory organs: T.T.S.L.G.P.

A

teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, & pancreas

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15
Q

Mouth

A

aka oral cavity; functions in ingestion, digestion, swallowing, speech & respiration

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16
Q

Mucosa in the Mouth is layered with what type of tissue

A

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

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17
Q

Tongue: Made of &

Fxn

A

Made of Skeletal muscle; manipulates food, vital in speech & initiates swallowing reflex

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18
Q

Palate

A

roof of mouth

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19
Q

______ Palate is

the anterior portion formed by the ______ & ______ ______.

A

Hard palate; Maxilla & Palatine bone

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20
Q

_____ palate is posterior portion made up of ______ ______ & _______ _______.

A

Soft Palate; skeletal muscle & glandular tissue

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21
Q

Off the soft palate is the _____.

A

Uvula

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22
Q

Fxn of Uvula

A

keeps food in oral cavity, closes off nasal pharynx when swallowing

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23
Q

On the tongue is the lingual papillae aka

A

taste buds

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24
Q

Lingual Frenulum

A

connective tissue that attaches the the tongue to the floor of the mouth

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25
Three types of Salivary glands
Parotid glands, Sublingual glands, | Submandibular glands
26
Salivary glands produce ______, a fluid substance that starts chemical digestion of carbohydrates with ______ _______.
Saliva; Salivary Amylase
27
Saliva contains what substances that help bind and lubricate food
Water & Mucus
28
What are the two sets of Teeth called
Deciduous & Permanent
29
Name the three parts of Teeth
Crown, Root, Neck
30
Deciduous Teeth aka
baby teeth
31
Permanent Teeth aka
Adult teeth
32
Part of tooth that is exposed
Crown
33
Portion of tooth below the gum line
Root
34
Portion of tooth where the crown & root meet
Neck
35
Teeth is composed of three main substances
Dentin, Enamel, Cementum
36
Dentin
hard-yellowish tissue, makes up internal tooth & lines root canal cavity
37
Enamel
covers exposed portion of tooth (crown & neck)
38
Cementum
covers root
39
______ & ______ are living tissue of the tooth that regenerates throughout life
Cementum & Dentin
40
Which two parts of the Pharynx aids in digestions and moves the Bolus to the esophagus
Oropharynx & Laryngopharynx
41
_______ transports the bolus from the pharynx to the stomach
Esophagus
42
The Esophagus begins with ______ muscle then transitions into ______ muscle
Skeletal; Smooth
43
The esophagus's wavelike smooth muscle contraction to move the bolus if referred to as
Peristalsis
44
A structure that prevents food from coming back up & destroying delicate mucosa of the esophagus
Esophageal Sphincter
45
Stomach Fxn
Storage & Digestion of Chyme
46
Name the four regions of the stomach
cardiac, fundic, body, pyloric
47
The Pyloric region is separated from the small intestine by the _____ ______ .
Pyloric Sphincter
48
Pyloric Sphincter Fxn
Regulates passage of Chyme
49
Name the 3 differences of the stomach lining vs. the rest of the digestive tract
Muscularis layer Stomach has Rugae Mucosa Layer
50
Muscularis layer of the stomach is formed by three layers
Longitudinal, Circular, Oblique
51
What allows the stomach multidimensional contraction & aid with mixing of gastric products & mechanical digestion
Muscularis Layers of the stomach
52
Rugae of the Stomach
wrinkles in the mucosa & submucosa when the stomach is empty; allows for expansion when we eat
53
Mucosa of the stomach contains depressions lined with columnar epithelium
Gastric Pits
54
Gastric Pits are lined with
Columnar Epithelium
55
Mucosa lines with columnar epithelium consists of three cell types
Mucous Cells, Parietal Cells, Chief Cells
56
Mucous Cells
secrete mucous; most abundant
57
Parietal Cells
secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) & Intrinsic factor
58
Intrinsic Factor
essential in absorption of vitamin B12
59
Without Vitamin B12, a person would not be able to produce ______.
Hemoglobin
60
_______ ______ activates enzymes in the stomach such as lingual lipase & pepsinogen
Hydrochloric Acid
61
Chief Cells
secrete pepsinogen & gastric lipase
62
Pepsinogen
inactive pepsin
63
Enzyme activated by HCl acid & converted to pepsin
pepsinogen
64
in chemical digestion, Pepsin breaks down ______. Gastric Lipase & Lingual Lipase break down _____.
Proteins; Fats
65
Pepsin, Gastric lipase & Lingual lipase are referred to as
Gastric Glands

Anatomy & Physiology (18 decks)

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