Module 14: Endocrine System

Question 1

Exocrine glands use ____ to transport products, where as the Endocrine glands use the _____ _____.

Answer 1

ducts; blood supply

Question 2

Hormone-receptor Complex

Answer 2

hormone targets a specific site & matching receptor (lock & key)

Question 3

In the Endocrine System, _____ are the primary organs

Answer 3

glands

Question 4

The hypothalamus is both an _____ _____ & _____ ____.

Answer 4

endocrine gland & nervous tissue

Question 5

Hypothalamus produces two hormones. What are they are where are they stored?

Answer 5

Oxytocin & antidiuretic hormone; stored in the PPG

Question 6

the ________ is the first place that we encounter Tropic hormones

Answer 6

hypothalamus

Question 7

Tropic Hormones

Answer 7

released by an endocrine gland & stimulate another gland to produce & release their specific hormones

Question 8

The ______ gland is stimulated by the hypothalamus and is connected by a stalk called _______.

Answer 8

pituitary; infundibulum

Question 9

The Anterior Pituitary gland releases what 6 hormones? (P.T. FLAG)

Answer 9

Prolactin
TSH
FSH
Luteinizing Hormone
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Growth Hormone

Question 10

Which hormones are considered Tropic Hormones? (FLAT)

Answer 10

FSH
LH
ACTH
TSH

Question 11

Posterior pituitary gland (PPG) releases what hormones

Answer 11

Oxytocin & Antidiuretic Hormone

Question 12

Anterior Pituitary gland is stimulated by _______ released from the hypothalamus

Answer 12

Hormones

Question 13

Posterior pituitary gland (PPG) is stimulated by _____ ______ to released stored hormones

Answer 13

Nerve impulses

Question 14

The thyroid is an H-shaped gland with two outer lobes, connected by a cross section called

Answer 14

Isthmus

Question 15

Located within the thyroid are _____ & _____.

Answer 15

Follicles & Colloid

Question 16

Follicles of the thyroid ______ hormones & the Colloid _____ hormones

Answer 16

Produce; Stores

Question 17

Thyroid Follicle structure & tissue type

Answer 17

sac-like structure; simple cuboidal

Question 18

Parafollicular cells: location & produce what?

Answer 18

found between follicles & produce Calcitonin

Question 19

Parathyroid glands: Structure and location

Answer 19

4 small glands on posterior side of thyroid

Question 20

Adrenal glands are surrounded by what? And broken into what two sections?

Answer 20

fibrous capsule; medulla & cortex

Question 21

Adrenal cortex produces what 3 hormones? (ACA)

Answer 21

Aldosterone
Cortisol
Androgens

Question 22

Aldosterone is produced in what sub-section of the adrenal cortex & regulates what?

Answer 22

outer zone called Zona Glomerulosa; electrolytes

Question 23

Cortisol is produced in what sub-section of the adrenal cortex & regulates what?

Answer 23

Middle zone called Zona Fasciculata; metabolism & glucose

Question 24

Glucose production is called

Answer 24

Gluconeogenesis

Question 25

Androgens are produced in what sub-section of the adrenal cortex?

Answer 25

inner zone called Zona Reticularis

Question 26

Epinephrine & Norepinephrine are responsible for 5 main functions: (G.G. I-hbp)

Answer 26

``` Gluconeogenesis Glycogenolysis - breakdown of glycogen Increased: heart rate blood flow to muscles pulmonary ventilation ```

Question 27

Pancreas is both an ______ & _____ gland

Answer 27

exocrine & endocrine

Question 28

What cells of the pancreas produce pancreatic juices & digestive enzymes?

Answer 28

Acinar cells

Question 29

Pancreas endocrine functions have a primary hormone producer called

Answer 29

pancreatic Islet cells

Question 30

There are two types of pancreatic Islet cells, name them & what they produce

Answer 30

Beta cells produce insulin | Alpha cells produce glucagon

Question 31

What promotes glucose storage by stimulating formation of glycogen?

Answer 31

insulin

Question 32

In response to hyperglycemia (high blood sugar), _____ cells produce insulin & stimulates the _____ & ______ muscles to absorb ______ to lower blood sugar levels

Answer 32

Beta cells Liver & Skeletal muscles glucose

Question 33

In response to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), ______ increases blood glucose by stimulating ________ & _______ glucose from the liver & skeletal muscles.

Answer 33

Glucagon Glycogenesis Releasing