Module 11 - Respiratory System Pt. 2 Physiology/ Application

Question 1

Breathing aka

Answer 1

ventilation

Question 2

Air consists of

Answer 2

78% nitrogen
21% oxygen
1% carbon dioxide

Question 3

Atmospheric pressure

Answer 3

force exerted on surfaces by molecules in air

Question 4

At sea level atmospheric pressure is at

Answer 4

760mm Hg

Question 5

Process of inspiration requires

Answer 5

muscles to contract & thoracic cavity expands

Question 6

When the thoracic cavity size increases during inspiration, the pressure in the lungs

Answer 6

decreases

Question 7

During inspiration the atmospheric pressure outside of the body is _____ than the inside of the lungs, so air is forced into the lungs

Answer 7

higher

Question 8

Process of expiration requires

Answer 8

muscles to relax & thoracic cavity to contract

Question 9

When the thoracic cavity size decreases during expiration, the pressure in the lungs

Answer 9

increases

Question 10

During expiration the atmospheric pressure outside of the body is ____ than the inside of the lungs, so air is forced out of the lungs

Answer 10

lower

Question 11

Gas exchange between the alveoli & blood capillaries is called

Answer 11

Alveolar gas exchange

Question 12

During Alveolar gas exchange, _________ blood is carries from the ____ to the _____.

Answer 12

deoxygenated; heart; lungs

Question 13

Blood vessels which transition from the pulmonary arteries to arterioles to capillaries that carry blood from the heart to the lungs is _____ in CO2 and ____ in O2

Answer 13

High; Low

Question 14

During inspiration, air is delivered to the alveoli of the lungs. This inspired air is now ____ in CO2 & ____ in O2

Answer 14

Low; High

Question 15

Partial pressure of oxygen being higher in alveoli than in the capillaries causes…

Answer 15

oxygen to diffuse across respiratory membrane from Alveoli to the capillaries

Question 16

Partial pressure of carbon dioxide being higher in capillaries than in alveoli causes….

Answer 16

carbon dioxide to diffuse across respiratory membrane from capillaries to alveoli

Question 17

Systemic gas exchange

Answer 17

throughout the tissues and blood vessels

Question 18

Blood flowing to the tissues through systemic arteries & arterioles are ____ in O2 & ____ in CO2

Answer 18

High; Low

Question 19

Systemic Cells have ____ CO2 & ____ O2 due to metabolism

Answer 19

High; Low

Question 20

Partial pressure of oxygen being higher in the arterial end of systemic capillaries than in the systemic cells causes…

Answer 20

oxygen to diffuse out of the capillaries into the tissues,

Question 21

Partial pressure of carbon dioxide being higher in the systemic cells & tissues than it is in the systemic capillaries causes…

Answer 21

carbon dioxide to diffuse from the tissues into the capillaries

Question 22

Oxygen is transported by

Answer 22

hemoglobin & a small amount as a dissolved gas in plasma

Question 23

Carbon dioxide is transported by

Answer 23

bicarbonate ions

Question 24

Carbon dioxide that enters the blood combines with water and forms

Answer 24

carbonic acid

Question 25

Carbonic acid dissociates and becomes

Answer 25

bicarbonate & hydrogen ions

Question 26

Bicarbonate is transported through the blood vessels to the lungs where it combines with hydrogen to form

Answer 26

carbonic acid again, which dissociates back to carbon dioxide and water

Question 27

Exact mechanism for setting rhythm of respiration is unknown. Breathing depends on stimuli of ____ ____ from the brain

Answer 27

skeletal muscles

Question 28

Neurons in the ____ _____ & _____ control unconscious breathing

Answer 28

medulla oblongata & pons

Question 29

Voluntary control is provided by our

Answer 29

motor cortex

Question 30

Our unconscious breathing is controlled by 3 pairs of respiratory centers called

Answer 30

Dorsal respiratory group; Ventral respiratory group; Pneumotaxic center

Question 31

The medullary rhythmicity center is found on the ____ _____ and contains the DRG & VRG.

Answer 31

medulla oblongata

Question 32

Ventral respiratory group

Answer 32

sets rhythm of breathing (inspiration)

Question 33

Dorsal respiratory group

Answer 33

modifies rate to adapt to varying conditions (inspiration)

Question 34

Pneumotaxic center is found in the _____ & regulates what?

Answer 34

pons; | regulates shift from inspiration to expiration in quiet breathing