Module 5 - Tissues (Histology)

Question 1

Composition of Tissues

Answer 1

Cells and Matrix

Question 2

Matrix

Answer 2

non-living extracellular material composed of fibrous proteins & ground substance

Question 3

Ground substance contains what?

WGMNH

Answer 3

contains water, gases, minerals, nutrients, hormones

Question 4

Types of Tissues

Answer 4

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous

Question 5

Epithelial Tissue: location & characteristics

Answer 5

lines surfaces;
avascular - no blood supply;
Highly mitotic;
cells close together with very little matrix visible

Question 6

What tissue type covers organ surfaces and form glands

Answer 6

Epithelial Tissue

Question 7

Basement Membrane

Answer 7

deepest layer of large complex molecules between epithelial and under lying tissue; Helps anchors tissue

Question 8

Apical Surface

Answer 8

superficial to basement membrane

Question 9

Functions of Epithelial Tissue

PSEAFS

Answer 9

Protection
Secretion
Excretion
Absorption
Filtration
Sensation

Question 10

Cell Classification: Simple

Answer 10

single layer; every cell anchored to basement membrane

Question 11

Cell Classification: Stratified

Answer 11

2-20 layers; deepest layer anchored to BM, others rest on top

Question 12

Cell Classification: Pseudostratified Columnar

Answer 12

not all cells reach surface but all cells reach BM; often have goblet cells

Question 13

Cell Classification: Transitional

Answer 13

vary in shape depending on whether the tissue is compressed

Question 14

Connective Tissue

Answer 14

Most abundant; Vascular;

composed of matrix (protein fibers & ground substance)

Question 15

Types of Connective Tissue

FATLCBB

Answer 15

Fibrous tissue, adipose tissue, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, bone, blood

Question 16

Fibroblasts

Answer 16

produce fibers & ground substance that form matrix

Question 17

Macrophages

Answer 17

specialized WBC that ingest and get rid of particles

Question 18

Functions of Connective Tissue

BPSI-METH

Answer 18

Binding of organs
Protection
Support
Immunity 
Movement
Energy Storage
Transportation
Heat Production

Question 19

Mast Cells: Location, Secretes ?, Regulates ?

Answer 19

found along blood vessels; secrete hormones; regulate blood flow & Clotting

Question 20

Leukocytes

Answer 20

WBCs; protection

Question 21

Plasma cells

Answer 21

specialized WBCs; Immunity

Question 22

Adipocytes

Answer 22

Fat storing cells

Question 23

3 Forms of Fibers within a matrix

Answer 23

Collagenous, Reticular, Elastic

Question 24

Collagenous

Answer 24

made of collagen proteins; most abundant protein in body

Question 25

Reticular

Answer 25

thin collagen fibers, often form sponge-like lattice

Question 26

Elastic

Answer 26

composed of elastin; capable of stretching & recoiling

Question 27

Areolar C.T

Answer 27

loose arrangement of collagenous and elastic fibers; found in blood vessels & nerves

Question 28

Reticular CT: structure & location

Answer 28

loose arrangement of reticular fibers and lymphocytes; | Found in lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow

Question 29

Dense Regular CT

Answer 29

collagen & elastic fibers; organized wavy-parallel pattern; Found in ligaments and tendons

Question 30

Dense Irregular CT

Answer 30

collagen fibers not organized; found in Dermis of skin

Question 31

Adipose Tissue: Structure & Fxn

Answer 31

``` closely-packed adipocytes; Store triglycerides providing: - energy - insulation - cushioning ```

Question 32

Cartilage: structure, cellular composition, unique attribute

Answer 32

stiff, rubbery matrix; composed of Chondrocytes; only CT that is avascular

Question 33

Three Types of Cartilage

Answer 33

Hyaline, Elastic, Fibrocartilage

Question 34

Hyaline Cartilage

Answer 34

glassy-like appearance; fine collagen fibers found in trachea and larynx ; reduces friction

Question 35

Elastic Cartilage

Answer 35

composed of elastin & collagen fibers; found in external ear & throat

Question 36

Fibrocartilage

Answer 36

coarse collagen fibers; tough; found in vertebral discs, knee joints and pubis symphyses

Question 37

Bone Tissues: Cellular composition & Fxn (S.L.S.P)

Answer 37

``` contains Osteocytes; Fxn in: - support - leverage for muscle movement - storage of minerals - protect internal organs ```

Question 38

Blood

Answer 38

liquid matrix surrounding formed elements; aids in protection & antibodies

Question 39

Formed Elements

Answer 39

RBCs, WBCs, Platelets

Question 40

Nervous Tissue

Answer 40

transmit electrical signals; contains neurons and neuroglia cells; found in brain, spinal cord, nerves

Question 41

Neurons

Answer 41

highly excitable transmit signals

Question 42

Neurogila Cells

Answer 42

supports neurons

Question 43

Muscle Tissue

Answer 43

causes movement, contains Myocytes; found in muscles (skeletal), heart (Cardiac), and internal organs (smooth)

Question 44

Myocytes

Answer 44

elongated and highly excitable; contract when excited leading to movements

Question 45

Name the 3 Types of Muscle Tissue

Answer 45

Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth

Question 46

Glands

Answer 46

Cells or organs that secrete substances for secretion and excretion

Question 47

Exocrine Glands

Answer 47

tube-like ducts to secrete and excrete products; found in sweat glands and salivary glands

Question 48

Endocrine Glands

Answer 48

secrete hormones into bloodstream for transport

Question 49

Membrane: Describe and Name the 5 types (M.S.S.E.C)

Answer 49

flat sheet or layer made up of tissues; Mucous, Serous, Synovial, Endothelium, Cutaneous

Question 50

Mucous Membrane

Answer 50

lines passages that open to exterior of body; contains Goblet Cells; composed of epithelium, areolar and smooth muscle; Examples - digestive, respiratory, reproductive

Question 51

Serous Membrane

Answer 51

Simple squamous epithelial; produces serous (watery) fluid; found on organs and lines cavities

Question 52

Synovial Membrane

Answer 52

composed of connective tissue, associated with joints; secretes synovial fluid which helps protect and lubricate joints

Question 53

Endothelium

Answer 53

lines vessels of circulatory system; composed of simple squamous epithelial tissue and areolar CT; exchange nutrients and gases from blood

Question 54

Cutaneous Membrane

Answer 54

aka skin

Question 55

Goblet cells

Answer 55

Produce mucus