Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy & Physiology > Module 8: Muscular System > Flashcards

Module 8: Muscular System Flashcards

(67 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Functions of Muscle Tissue (CHSGM)

A
  • Control of openings & passages
  • Heat Production
  • Stability
  • Glycemic Control
  • Movement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe Muscle Fxn: Movement

A

muscle works as pulleys on bones, move internal contents and fxn in communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe Muscle Fxn: Stability

A

help maintain body position & posture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe Muscle Fxn: Control of Body openings and passages

A

help keep internal materials moving properly; ex/ muscles in mouth, iris of eye, sphincters of digestive system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe Muscle Fxn: Heat Production

A

muscles use ATP & produce heat to maintain body temp & facilitate enzyme activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe Muscle Fxn: Glycemic Control

A

muscles store & release sugar to help maintain homeostasis with blood levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Universal Characteristics of Muscle cells

A
  • Excitability
  • Extensibility
  • Elasticity
  • Conductivity
  • Contractility
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define Excitability

A

potential to respond to electrical or chemical stimulus and stretching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define Conductivity

A

ability to carry electrical signals after local stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define Contractility

A

ability to shorten after being stimulated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define Extsenibility

A

ability to be stretched longer between contractions without rupturing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define Elasticity

A

ability to return to original shape after being stretched

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How is shape of a muscle determined?

A

by orientation of muscle cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How is muscle strength determined?

A

by muscle size, shape, and by direction the cells contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

List the 5 common skeletal muscle shapes

A
  • Fusiform
  • Parallel
  • Pennate
  • Circular
  • Triangular
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe muscle shape: Fusiform

A

wide in middle & tapered end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe muscle shape: Parallel

A

uniform in width & parallel cells, elongated straps; can span long distances, shorten & produce less force due to fewer cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe muscle shape: Triangular

A

fan-shaped; relatively strong due to large number of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe muscle shape: Pennate

A

feather shaped; generate most force due to arrangement of muscle cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Describe muscle shape: Circular

A

round; control movement through opening & passageways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Define muscle compartments

A

groups of functionally related muscles enclosed in connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

True or False:

Muscle & Muscle compartments attach to tendons. The gap between the muscle & bone is spanned by ligaments

A

False - Muscle & Muscle compartments attach to BONE. The gap between the muscle & bone is spanned by TENDONS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Define Origin

A

when a muscle contracts, one end is stationary or anchored

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Define Insertion

A

end of the muscle that attaches to mobile bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Name the origin and insertion for biceps brachii and describe action when muscle contracts
Origin - on scapula Insertion - on radius - When muscle contracts, acts on radius & causes flexion of elbow
26
Muscles do not work on bones in isolation, List the 4 primary roles
1. Prime mover 2. Synergist 3. Fixator 4. Antagonist
27
Describe fxn: Prime Mover
produces primary force for action
28
Describe fxn: Synergist
aids primary mover
29
Describe fxn: Fixator
stabilizes part of body that the moving muscle is attached to
30
Describe fxn: Antagonist
" checks & balances" - counteracts / opposes primary mover - stabilizes joint - causing more controlled action due to less excess movement & speed
31
A muscle is an organ, name the different layers of a muscle from superficial to deep
- Fascia - Epimysium - Perimysium - Endomysium
32
Describe Fascia
CT that separates a muscle from other muscles, organs, or tissues.
33
Describe Epimysium
CT that surrounds each muscle (epi- meaning upper, outer, the surface)
34
Describe Perimysium
within muscle, CT that surrounds and defines fascicles (peri- meaning around)
35
Describe Fascicle
bundles of muscle fibers
36
Describe Endomysium
within fascicles, CT surrounds individual muscle fibers (endo- meaning inside)
37
Sarcolemma
cell membrane of muscle cell; function in excitation
38
Name the foldings from the sarcolemma that penetrate from one side of the cell to the other & function in conduction of impulses
Transverse (T) Tubules
39
Sarcoplasm
cytoplasm of muscle cells
40
Glycogen
- polysaccharide composed of glucose - abundant in muscle cells - located in sarcoplasm - produce ATP
41
Myoglobin
protein that binds to & stores Oxygen; when needed oxygen can be used to help produce ATP
42
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
- The Smooth ER of muscle cells | - forms sacs called terminal cisternae which store & release Ca ions essential for contraction
43
Myofibrils
- Most prominent organelle in Sarcoplasm - long tube-like protein bundles - contain Myofilaments (three types)
44
Myofilaments: Structure, function, 3 types
- long chains of parallel proteins - responsible for contraction - Thick, Thin & Elastic
45
Thick Filaments
- composed of Myosin - held in place by elastic filaments that are anchored to Z-discs - found in center of sarcomere
46
Myosin
- within thick filaments - bundles of contractile protein - has a head & tail portion
47
Function of the head portion on a Myosin protein
Extend from thick filament & use ATP to attach and pull on thin filaments
48
Thin Filaments
- composed of Actin, troponin, tropomyosin | - anchored to proteins in Z-disc & extend toward center of sarcomere
49
Actin
- two intertwined contractile proteins | - each having a binding site for myosin heads
50
Tropomyosin
- regulatory protein | - cover myosin binding sites on actin when the muscle is resting
51
Troponin
- positioned along tropomyosin working together to allow or prevent contractions. - composed of binding site for Calcium
52
What happens when Calcium binds to Troponin?
Tropomyosin shifts positions, exposing the myosin binding sites on actin
53
Myosin & Actin cannot interact without _____.
Calcium
54
Elastic Filaments
- contain Titin - anchor to Z-discs - keeps Thick Filaments in place, preventing overstretching - recoil after contractions, keeps proteins in original positions within myofibril.
55
Each myofibril is divided by Z-discs into smaller units called _______.
Sarcomere
56
Sarcomere
- collection of thick, thin and elastic filaments | - found between two adjacent Z-discs
57
Each Sarcomere contains two Z-discs, how many sets of Thin Filaments are there?
2 Sets of Thin Filaments
58
In order for muscle fibers to contract they must be ______ by nervous system cells called _____ _____.
Stimulated; Motor Neuron
59
Motor Neurons
cells that carry information from brain or spinal cord to muscle fibers
60
Motor Unit
comprised of a motor neuron & all muscle cells that receive info from its branches
61
Motor units are either entirely active or completely resting aka _______.
All or Nothing principle
62
All Neurons communicate with other cells at regions called ...
Synapses
63
Neurons release chemical messengers called
Neurotransmitters
64
Motor Neurons of Motor unit communicate with muscle cells at specific synapses called
Neuromuscular Junction
65
Name the steps in order when a Motor Unit becomes active
Excitation Excitation-contraction coupling Contraction Relaxation
66
Two most important factors that influence availability of ATP
oxygen & glucose levels
67
Glycolysis
producing ATP starting with glucose

Anatomy & Physiology (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions