Mycology Flashcards by Clyde Silverio

[Diagnosis]

pseudomembranous esophagitis

candida

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[Diagnosis]

pseudomembratous pharyngitis

Diphtheria

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[Diagnosis]

Pseudomembranous colitis

C. difficile

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[Fungal structure]

Single, budding

yeast

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[Fungal structure]

hyphae, mycelia, mitosis

molds

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[Fungal structure]

transverse walls

septate hyphae

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[Fungal structure]

multinucleated (coenocytic) walls, lack regularly occuring cross walls

non-septate hyphae

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What is the growth pattern of hyphae?

Apical growth

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___ filamentous cells of molds

Hyphae

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Growth of fluffy mass of hyphae into tissue or lab medium

mycelia

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___ are hyphae with sausage-like constrictions at septations, formed by some yeast when they elongate but remain attached to each other

pseudohyphae

Ex. C. albicans

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___ are formed either asexually or sexual process involving nuclear fusion and then meiosis

fungal spores

Ex. coinidia, blastoconidia, arthroconidia,

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___ are fungal spores are asexual spores filamentous fungi (molds) or mushrooms

Conidia

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___ are the new yeast buds

blastoconidia

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___ the new yeast “buds”

blastoconidia

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___ conidia formed by laying down joints in hyphae followed by fragmentation of the hyphal strand

Arthroconidia

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Yeast grow into a ____ at room temperature (25 to 30 deg C)

mycelial form

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Yeast grow into a ___ at body temperature

Yeast form

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Amanita mushrooms cause liver necrosis due to these toxins

Amantin

2. Phylloidin

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Aspergillus flavis cause liver CA due to ___ toxin

aflatoxin

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Can cause allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

Aspergillus fumigatus

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Sabouraud agar has ___ thus it preferentially allows fungal growth over bacteria

Low pH

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[Fungal stains]

___ is a rapid method for CSF to highlight the capsule of C. neoformans

Nigrosin or india ink

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[Fungal stains]

___ uses a thick blood or bone smear to detect H. capsulatum

Giemsa or Wright stain

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[Fungal stains] ___ lights up fungal elements under a fluorescent blue-white appearance on a black background

Calcoflour white stain

[Fungal stains] dark gray to black

Gomori methamine silver stain

[Fungal stains] hot pink to red

Periodic acid-schiff reaction

[Fungal stains] purplish rose with a yellow background

Gridley Fungus stain

[Morphology in Microscopy] Yeast with capsule

Cryptococcis

[Morphology in Microscopy] hyphae, septate in skin or nail specimen

Dermatophytosis

[Morphology in Microscopy] hyphae, nonseptate

mucormycosis

[Morphology in Microscopy] yeast and pseudohyphae

Candidiasis

[Morphology in Microscopy] spherules

Coccidiomycosis

[Morphology in Microscopy] sclerotic cell (browinish cell walls)

Chromoblastomycosis

[Morphology in Microscopy] Sulfur granules

Mycetoma

[Morphology in Microscopy] arthroconidia in hair

Dermatophytosis

[Fungal stains] best used for studying host reaction for determining hyalin or dermatiaceous nature of fungi

H and E stain

[Fungal stains] provides high contrast with minimal background staining, better demonstration of sparsely present fungal elements in sample

Gomori Methamine Sulver

[Pharma] bind to ergosterol forming pores

Amphotericin B

[Pharma] Inhibit lanosterol 14-alpha- demethylase, blocks ergosterol synthesis

Azoles

[Pharma] inhibit epoxidation of squalene

Terbinafine

[Pharma] inhibit beta-glucan synthase decreasing fungal cell wall synthesis

Echinocandins -fungin

[Pharma] blocks nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting DNA and RNA polymerase

Flucytosine

[Pharma] interfere with microtubule function in dermatophytes

Griseofulvin

[Dermatophytoses] What enzyme is secreted by dermatophytoses resulting to its preferential infection only in the superficial layer of the skin?

Keratinase It cant grow above 37 degrees C also

[Dermatophystosis] No nail infection (+) skin (+) hair

Microsporum

[Dermatophystosis] With nail and skin infection no hair infection

Epidermophyton

___ inflammatory reaction to dermatophytosis at a cutaneous site distant from the primary infection

Dermatophytid reaction

____ superficial fungal infection localized to the stratum corneum; hypopigmented areas, degradation of lipids leads to production of acids and then destruction of melanocyte

Tinea versicolor

[Diagnose] spaghetti and meatballs

T. versicolor Tx: miconazole

[Diagnose] garderner, prunes roses, thorn prick transmission

Sporothrix schenckii Tx: itraconazile Potassium iodide for cutaneous form; ampho B for systemic disease

[Systemic Mycosis] Ohio, Missouris, Mississippi River valley

Histoplasmosis

[Systemic Mycosis] US, Mexico, Central and south america

Coccidiodomycosis

[Systemic Mycosis] Southeastern US

Blastomycosis

[Systemic Mycosis] central and south america

Paracoccidiodomycosis

[Systemic Mycosis] oval eyasts, from avian, and bat, guano habitats

Histoplasmosis

[Systemic Mycosis] spherules, from soil and rodents

Coccidiodomycosis

[Systemic Mycosis] infective form of coccidoides immitis

arthrospore inhalation

[Diagnose] | San Joaquin Valley Fever/Desert rheumatism

C. immitis Tx: Ampho B, Itraconazole If with meningitis: Fluconazole

What are the types of Histoplasma capsulatum asexual pores?

1. Trabeculae macroconidia | 2. microconidia

[Systemic Mycosis] Patient from ohio, Inhalation of airborne microconidia from bat guano

Histoplasma capsulatum Develops inside macrophages

[Systemic Mycosis] Broad-based bud, from eastern north america, inhalation of conidia

Blastomyces dermatidtidis

___ verrucous lesion of this fungi can stimulate SCC

Blastomyces Tx: Itraconazoe If severe: Ampho B

[Systemic Mycosis] Dimorphic, multiple bids in wheel configuration in Central and south America

Paracoccidiodes brasilenses

[Diagnose] fungal infection, painful ulcers on mouth and nose, can cause mad hatter fungus

Paracoccidiodes

[Opportunistic Mycosis] curd like discharge, skin lesions esophagitis, SQ nodules, right sided endocarditis

C. albicans

CALAS test used to diagnose this

C. neoformans

_____ oval yeast with narrow-based bud surrounded by wide polysaccharide capsule

C. neoformans

[Opportunistic Mycosis] abundant in soil containing pigeo droppings

C. neoformans

What is the most common cause of meningoencephalitis in HIV patients?

C neoformans Tx: Ampho B and Flucytosine Chemoprophylaxis - fluconazole

[Opportunistic Mycosis] exist only as molds, form V shaped

A. fumigatus DOC: Ampho B If Allergic brongpulmonary aspergillosis: Corticosteroid

___ are saprophytic,non septate without walls and branches at right angles

Mucormycosis

___ stain used to diagnose PCP from BAL washings

1. Toluene blue | 2. Methamine silver stain

Mycobacterium avium occurs when the CDR is less than

200

Mycology Flashcards

(74 cards)