Pediatric Infections Flashcards
(101 cards)
1
Q
[Diagnosis: Red eye in neonates]
Red eye with purulent discharge, tense edema of eyelids with marked chemosis
incubation 2-5 days
A
N. gonorrhoeae
Tx: Ceftriaxone 50mg/kg/day SD
2
Q
[Diagnosis: Red eye in neonates]
mild to severe swelling of eyelids with copious purulent discharge
incubation 5-14 days
A
C. trachomatis
Tx: Erythromycin 50mg/kg/day q6 hours for 14 days
Giemsa stain - epithelial cells scraped from the tarsal conjunctiva for intracytoplasmi inclusions
3
Q
[Diagnosis: Red eye in neonates]
edema of eyelids, purulent discharge, pannus formation, endophthalmitis
A
P. aeruginosa
Tx: Systemic Abx, gentamicin eye ointment
4
Q
[Diagnosis: Eye infections]
Conjunctivitis
Red itchy eyes
thin exudates
pain and photphobia
cough and colds
A
Adenovirus
5
Q
[Diagnosis: Eye infections]
Conjunctivitis
red eyes
presence of pus
A
Staphylococcus
6
Q
[Diagnosis: Eye infections]
Conjunctivitis
red eyes, pus, inclusion bodies
inturned eye lashes, corneal scarring, blindness
A
Chlamydia
7
Q
[Diagnosis: Eyelid infections]
stye
A
staphylococcus
8
Q
[Diagnosis: Eyelid infections]
Bilateral eyelid swelling, eosinophils, muscle pain, history of infection
A
Trichnella
9
Q
[Diagnosis: Eyelid infections]
unilateral inflammation at bite site around eye or mouth
history of travel to mexico or south america
A
T. cruzi
10
Q
Most common cause of viral conjunctivitis
A
Adenovirus
11
Q
[Drug of choice]
Echinococcus granulosis
A
Albendazole
12
Q
[Drug of choice]
ascaris
A
Albendazole
13
Q
[Drug of choice]
capillaria
A
Albendazole
14
Q
[Drug of choice]
ancylostoma
A
Albendazole
15
Q
[Drug of choice]
trichuris
A
mebendazole
16
Q
[Drug of choice]
enterobius
A
pyrantel pamoata
17
Q
[Drug of choice]
strongyloides
A
Ivermectin
18
Q
[Drug of choice]
Wuchererua and brugia
A
DEC
19
Q
[Drug of choice]
Trichnella
A
Thiabendazole
20
Q
[Diagnosis]
Retinopathy with keratitis in a newborn or a young child
mother has history of drug abuse
A
CMV
21
Q
[Skin infections]
Furuncle
Carbuncle
neck, face, axilla, buttocjs
A
Staphylococcus
22
Q
[Skin infections]
Furuncle
Carbuncle
has bath tub at home, neck down
A
Pseudomonas
Hot tub folliculitis
23
Q
[Skin infections]
Inflammation of sebaceous glands and follicles
Teenager
A
Propionibacterium
24
Q
[Cutaneous lesions]
multiple infected wounds on the lower extremities
mosquito bites
PE: multiple, dry, heaped up, tightly adherent crust
A
Ecthyma
25
[Cutaneous lesions]
lesion started from a bite
initially vesicular, then becoming honey crusted lesion, catalase negative, no pain, no systemic symptoms
GABHS
26
[Cutaneous lesions]
lesion started from a bite
initially vesicular, longer lasting, becoming bigger bullae, catalase positive
Staphylococcus
27
__ disease is the old name for SSSS
Ritter Disease
DOC: Oxacillin
28
[Diagnose}
Fever, malaise, anorexia, headcahe
Rash that simultaneously appear of all stages
Varicella
Vaccinate exposed within 3-5 days
29
Indications for passive with VZIG
1. ICC
2. Pregnant
3. Newborns whose mother had chickenpox x 5 days before up to 2 days after delivery
Dose: VZIG 125U/10kg max 625 units to be given within 96 hours after exposure
30
[Vesicular Lesions]
Neurological pain, dermatomal distribution
Herpes Zoster (shingles)
31
[Vesicular Lesions]
Very large bullous lesions, progressing rapidly
preceded by fever, fatigue, malaise, toxic patient with denuded areas
SSSS
32
[Vesicular Lesions]
Multiple vesicular lesions, different stages
Varicella
33
[Cellulitis or subcutaneous lesions]
Inflamed erythematous skin, tender and warm
red, raised, butterfly rash in appearance with derma pain and rapid spread
Erysipelas (GAS/S. pyogenes)
St. Anthony's fire
34
[Cellulitis or subcutaneous lesions]
Inflamed erythematous skin, tender and warm
after contact with saltwater or oysters
V. vulnificus
35
[Cellulitis or subcutaneous lesions]
Inflamed erythematous skin, tender and warm
burn patient, blue green pus, grape-like odor
Pseudomonas
36
[Lymphocutaneous lesions]
Solitary or lymphocutaneous lesiosns, rose gardeners, likes lying in the garden
Sporothric schenckii
37
[Lymphocutaneous lesions]
painful genital ulcer and inguinal femoral lymphadenopahty
C. trachomatis
38
[Lymphocutaneous lesions]
Painful genital ulcer, inguinal and femoral lyphadenoapthy
C. trachomatic LGV
39
[Granulomatus lesions]
Granulomatous lesions with draining sinus tracts
Jaw area swelling, carious teeth, dental procedure yellow granules
Actinomyces
Facultative anaerobe, G+
Tx: Penicillin18 to 24 MU for 2 to 6 weeks
then Oral penicillin or amoxicillin for 6 to 12 months
40
[Granulomatus lesions]
Granulomatous lesions with draining sinus tracts
Tropucal fish enthusias
Mycobacterium marinum
Tx: Clarithromycin or ethambutol
41
[Granulomatus lesions]
Granulomatous lesions with draining sinus tracts
subcutaneous swelling of shoulder, sinus tract formation, granules
Nocardia
obligate aerobe, partially acid fast, beaded, branching
Tx: TMP-SMX
42
[Diagnosis]
pustule to dark red fluid filled to necrosis to black eschar
malignant pustule
B. anthracis
Tx: Ciprofloxacin 30mg/kg/day TID
43
[Diagnosis: Infected Wound]
Fever, headache, rash border bite site
Target Lesion Bulls Eye
Borrerliela burgdorfori
Tick bite, erythema migrans
Tx: Doxycycline 2.2 mg/kg BID for 10 to 14 days
44
[Diagnosis: Infected Wound]
Animal bite, cellulitis lymphadenitis
Pasteurella
Tx: Co-amoxiclav
45
[Diagnosis: Infected Wound]
cat scratch, lymphadenopathy with stellate granulomas
B. hensae
Tx: Azithromycin
46
[Diagnosis: Infected Wound]
shallow puncture wound through tsinelas or rubber shoes
Pseudomonas
47
[Diagnosis: Infected Wound]
Surgical wounds clean
S. aureus
48
[Diagnosis: Infected Wound]
surgical wounds dirty
S. aureus
49
[Diagnosis: Infected Wound]
Trauma
Clostridium
50
[Diagnosis: ENT Infection]
Red, bulging tympanic membrane, fever
S. pneumoniae
51
[Diagnosis: ENT Infection]
Sinus pain
Low grade fever
S. pneumoniae
52
[Diagnosis: ENT Infection]
Common cold
Sneezing
scratching
runny nose
Rhinovirus
53
[Diagnosis]
No fever, non-exudative throat
pseudomembrane on throat
Diphtheria
Tx: Aqueous Penicillin G or erythromycin
54
[Diagnosis: Sore throat]
Inflamed tonsils or pharynx
Purulent
Fever
Streptococcal pharyngitis
55
[Diagnosis: Sore throat]
White papules with red base on posterior palate and pharynx
Herpangina
56
[Diagnosis: Sore throat]
Purulent tonsils
Fatigue
Lymphadenopathy
Infectious mononucleosis
57
[Diagnosis: Sore throat]
Low grade fever with gradual onset of membranous nasopharyngitis
bull neck from lymphadenopathy
Diphtheria
58
[Diagnosis: Sore throat]
Finely papular, erythematous eruption
bright red discoloration of the skin, which blanches on pressure, intense along the creases of the elbows, axillae, and groin
goose-pimple appearance and feels rough
rash fades followed by desquamation
Scarlet fever
59
[Infectious Arthritis]
Pain, redness, low grade fever, tender joints, reduced ability
all ages except 15 to 40 years old
S. aureus
60
[Infectious Arthritis]
Pain, redness, low grade fever, tender joints, reduced ability
Sexually active, promiscuous, 15 to 40 years old
N. gonorrhoeae
61
[Infectious Arthritis]
Pain, redness, low grade fever, tender joints, reduced ability
prosthetic joint
S. epidermidis
62
[Infectious Arthritis]
Pain, redness, low grade fever, tender joints, reduced ability
After GIT infection few weeks ago
Reiter's Syndrome
63
What are the components of Reiter syndrome
1. Conjunctivitis
2. Urethritis
3. Arthritis
64
[Osteomyelitis]
Fever
Bone pain with swelling, redness associated cellulitis
adults, children, infants with no major trauma or special conditions
Staphylococcus
65
[Osteomyelitis]
Fever
Bone pain with swelling, redness associated cellulitis
neonates < 1 month old
Staphylococcus
66
[Osteomyelitis]
Fever
Bone pain with swelling, redness associated cellulitis
Sickle cell anemia
salmonella cholearsius or enterica
67
[Osteomyelitis]
Fever
Bone pain with swelling, redness associated cellulitis
history of trauma
Pseudomonas
68
[Toxic looking rashes]
Petechiae to purpuric lesions
generalized abrupt onset with fever, chills and shock
N. meningitidis
69
[Toxic looking rashes]
Petechiae to purpuric lesions
fever, headache, rash that includes palms and soles
R. rickettsii
Tick vector (Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever)
North, central south america
Tx: doxycycline
70
[Toxic looking rashes]
Petechiae to purpuric lesions
fever, headache, rash that spares the palms and soles
R. prowazekii
Human body louse vector
71
[Toxic looking rashes]
Erythematous maculo-papular rash, sandpaper like
sore throat and fever
from trunk and knee then extremities
GABHS (Scarlet fever)
72
[Toxic looking rashes]
Diffuse erythematous macular sunburn-like rash
desquamation on palm and soles
acute onset of fever, pharyngitis, diarrhea, hypotension
Toxic Shock Syndrome
73
[Maculopapular rashes]
Cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, fever,
Measles / Rubeola
Koplik Spots
74
[Maculopapular rashes]
Posterior cervical lymphadenoapathy, cervical or auricular
German measles or rubella
75
[Maculopapular rashes]
slapped cheek, spread to trunk with central clearing
Erythema infectiosum
or 5th disease
5 fingers slapping the face
76
[Maculopapular rashes]
Abrupt onset of fever with URTI for 3-4 days, fever disappears and rashes appears on trunk and spread
Roseola or 6th disease
77
[Maculopapular rashes]
Preceded by rapid onset fever, myalgia, ocular pain, hypesthesis, rashes blanch on pressure
Dengue fever
78
What do you give for measles postexposure prophylaxis?
Measles Ig for prevention and attenuation within 6 days of exposure
0.25mg/kg max 15 mL IM
79
When do you give measles postexposure prophylaxis for susceptible children > 1 year old?
Within 72 hours
80
Contraindications to giving live Measles Vaccine
1. < 6 months old
2. Pregnant
3. ICC
81
Warthin-finkeldey cells
Measles/Rubeola
Paramyxoviridae, RNA
82
Forschheimer spots
Rubella
Togaviridae, RNA
83
If termination of pregnancy is not an option, what can you give to pregnant patients exposed to rubella?
0.55 mL/kg IM
84
Nagayama Spot
Roseola
HHV 6
85
Etiology of HFMD
Coxsackie virus A16
86
Etiology of 5th disease
Parvovirus B19
87
Complication of parvovirus B19
Aplastic crisis
88
[Period of Communicability]
measles
4 days before
| 4 days after
89
[Period of Communicability]
rubella
7 days before
| 7 days after
90
[Period of Communicability]
Varicella
1-2 days before rash, 7 days after all lesions have crusted
91
[Period of Communicability]
Mumps
1-2 days before onset of parotid swelling until 5 days after onset of swelling
92
What are the alarming manifestations of mumps?
1. edema of the homolateral pharynx and soft palate, displacing tonsil medially
2. acute edema of the larynx
3. Edema over the manubrium and upper chest wall
93
What is the most frequent complication of mumps?
1. Meningoencephalitis (enters the CNS via the choroid plexus)
94
[Leptospirosis]
Criteria for presumptive diagnosis
1. Symptomatic children with titers 1:100 OR greater in 2 or more specimens
2. Asymptomatic children with evidence of exposrue and seroconversion
95
[Leptospirosis]
DOC for leptospirosis in pediatric patients
1. Penicillin or Tetracycline
Initiation before 7th day shortens the clinical course
Parenteral Penicillin G 6-8M Units/m2/day in 6 divided doses for 1 week
96
What is the incubation period of dengue virus?
4-6 days
97
AST or ALT value in dengue patients with severe organ involvement?
AST or ALT >/1000
98
Dengue NS1 detects what ____
Virus
99
[Dengue]
IgM peaks in ___ weeks after onset of symtom
2 weeks
decline in 2 to 3 months
100
[Dengue]
What are the events present in the critical phase
1. Defervescence
2. Increasing hematocrit then gradual decline
3. Shock/Bleeding
101
[Dengue]
What are the events present in the Recovery phase of dengue?
1. Reabsorption of fluid
2. Increasing platelet
3. Increasing IgM/IgG
