Nematode, Cestode - Microbio handout Flashcards by Clyde Silverio

[Pharma]

DOC for ascaris

albendazole

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[Pharma]

DOC for Ancylostoma and Necator

Albendazole

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[Pharma]

DOC for Trichuris

Mebendazole

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[Pharma]

DOC for Enterobius

Pyrantel pamoate

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[Pharma]

DOC for strongyloides

Ivermectin

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[Pharma]

DOC for capillaria

Albendazole

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[Pharma]

DOC for Wuchereria and Brugia

DEC

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[Pharma]

DOC for trichnella

Thiabendazole

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What is the most common and largest intestinal nematode?

Ascaris

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What is the infective stage of ascaris?

Embryonated egg

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What is the diagnositc stage of ascaris?

unembryonated egg

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Ascaris mature in which part of the body?

lungs

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Ascaris turn into adult worm where

Small intestine

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Worms that have a lung migration phase?

Ascaris
Hookworm
Strongyloides

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What is the diagnostic test to determine ascariasis?

Direct fecal smear

2. Kato katz technique

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____ syndrome

hypersensitivity pneumonitis due to lung migration of Hookworm, Ascariasis, Strongyloides

Loeffler Syndrome

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___ are blood sucking nematods, presence of buccal spear in filariform larvaoe

N. americanus

A. duodenale

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What is the infective stage of hookworm?

Filariform larvae

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What is the diagnostic stage of hookworm?

eggs in feces

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Adult hookworm live in preferentially live ____

distal jejunum

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[Diagnose]

oval or ellipsoidal with thin shell egg

Hookworm

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[Diagnose]

Hookworm with buccal spears of filariform larvae

Ancylostoma with teeth

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[Diagnose]

Hookworm with semilunar cutting plates

Necator

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What are the chronic effect of hookworm?

Microcytic anemia
Hypoalbuminemia

Tx: Albendazole

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___ refers to whipworm

Trichuris trichiuria

What is the infective stage of T. trichiuria?

Embryonated egg

What is the diagnostic stage of T. trichuria?

unembryonated egg

[Diagnose] barrel-shaped eggs with bipolar plugs; football or chinese lanter

Trichuris

Can cause rectal prolapse

Trichuris trichuria

___ also called pinworm

Enterobius vermicularis

___ is a nematode whose parasite is confined to humans

Enterobius vermicularis

What is the most common STH in developed countries?

Enterobius vermicularis Tx: Pyrantel pamoate

What is the infective stage of Enterobius vermicularis?

embryonated egg

What is the diagnostic stage of E. vermicularis

eggs on perianal fold

Scotch tape technique is used to detect ____

E. vermicularis autiinfection can occur

Adult E. vermicularis preferentially establish in which part of the intestine?

Colon (usually in the cecum)

___ refers to appendicitis that is fue to E. vermicularis

Oxyuriasis

___ is an STH that is a facultative parasite

S. stercoralis Tx: Ivermectin

What is the infective stage of S. stercoralis?

Filariform larvae

What is the diagnostic stage of S. stercoralis?

Rhabditiform larvae

What is the method of diagnosing S. stercoralis wherein the fecal material is incubated in a test tube containing water

Harada-Mori Culture

[Diagnosis] larva currens, paradoxical asthma, hyperinfection syndrome, duodenitis

S. stercoralis Tx: ivermectin

__ is the only nematode whose life cycle involves a migratory bird

C. philippinensis

What is the infective stage of C. philippinensis?

Infective larvae

What is the diagnostic stage of C. philippinensis?

Unembryonated egg

[Diagnosis] Peanut-shaped eggs with flattened bipolar plugs

C. philippinensis

[Diagnosis] ulcerative and compressive degeneration of enterocytes, leading to severe malabsorption

C. philippinensis

[Diagnose] Chronic watery diarrhea, edema, wasting, protein-losing enteropathy, hypogammaglobinemia

C. philippinensis Tx: Albendazole

___ most debilitating nematode infection

Wuchereria and Brugia

[Wuchereria/Brugia] curved, no terminal nuclei, scrotal edema

Wuchereria

[Wuchereria/Brugia] Kinky, present in terminal nuclei, elephantiasis

Brugia

What is the infective stage of Wuchereria and Brugia?

3rd larval stage

What is the diagnostic stage of Wuchereria and Brugia?

Microfilaria

[Diagnose] DEC provocation test

Wuchereria and Brugia

____ bodies Small epitheloid granulomas composed of aggregates of microfilariae surrounded by acidophilic hyalone material

Meyers-Kouwenaar bodies

Tissue nematode

Trichnella spiralis

What is the infective stage of trichnella?

Encysted larvae

What us the diagnostic stage of Trichnella?

Encysted larvae

[Diagnose] larvae within striated muscles, elevated CPK

Trichnella Can be diagnosed: Xenodiagnosis Diagnosed by xenodiagnosis - T. cruzi

[Diagnose] larvae within striated muscles, elevated CPK

Trichnella Can be diagnosed: Xenodiagnosis Diagnosed by xenodiagnosis - T. cruzi

[Diagnose] nurse cell

Trichnella

[Diagnose] a nematode that is viviparous

Trichnella spiralis

___ cycle contributes to the distribution of Trichnella

Sylvatic cycle

[Diagnose] fever, muscle pain, periorbital edema, eosinophilia, hemorrhagic phenomena respiratory myositis

Trichnella Tx: Thiabenzaole

What is the vector of Onchocerca volvulus

Female blackfly (Simulium)

[Diagnosis] dermal nodules, hanging groin, lizard skin, river blindness

Onchocerca volvulus

What is the leading cause of preventable blindness in sub-saharan africa

Onchocerca volvulus

What is the effect of Onchocerca in the anterior chamber?

Iridocyclitis and Glaucoma

What is the effect of Onchocerca in the limbus?

Sclerosing keratitis

What is the effect of Onchocerca in the choroid and retina?

Atrophy and loss of vision

Mazzotti reaction is seen in what drug?

Diethylcarbamazine

African eye worm is transmitted by __-

deer fly or chryops Tx: Diethycarbamazine

What is the etiology of guinea fire worm that is transmitted when copepods swallowed in water

Dracunculus medinensis live worm in skin ulcer

Doc ascaris that can cause ocular larva migrans, uveitis, endophthalmitis

Toxocara canis

Most common cause of parasitic meningitis

Angiostronglyus cantonensis

Most common cause of parasitic meningitis

Angiostronglyus cantonensis

[Trematode] penetrate the skin, via snail

S. japonicum

[Trematode] ingested raw crab

P. westermani

[Trematode] Ingested with raw fish

C. sinensis

[Trematode] What is the intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum?

Oncomelania hupensis quadrasi

What is the infective stage of Schistosoma?

Cercariae

What is the diagnostic stage of Schistosoma?

Eggs

S. japonicum is more frequently found in what vein?

superior mesenteric vein draining the small intestine

S. mansoni occurs more often in what vein?

Inferior mesentaric veins draining the large intestine

___ test to diagnose Schistosoma by demonstrating the ovoid egg with small hook

Circumoval Precipitin Test

[Schistosoma Egg] oval, small lateral spone, small hook or knob

S. japonicum

[Schistosoma Egg] Elongated with prominent lateral spine

S. mansoni

[Schistosoma Egg] Elongated, rpounded anterior end and terminal spine. Found in urine

S. haematobium

Acute disease of schistosoma characterized as itching and dermatitis

swimmers itch

systemic hypersensitivity resembling serum sickness, associated with schistosoma infection

Katayama fever

What area in mindanao has no Schistosoma infection?

misamis oriental

What is the snail that is an intermediate host for P. westermanii

Antemelonia asperata

What is the mountain crab that is an intermediate of P. westermanii

Sundathelphusa philippina

What is the infective stage of P. westermanii?

metacercariae

What is the diagnostic stage of P. westermanii?

unembryonated egg

D-shaped egg

Enterobius vermicularis

[Diagnose] ovoid, thinner opercular end, thickened abopercular enf

P westermanii

What is the CXR finding of P. westermanii?

ring-shadowed opacity

What are the two asian liver flukes?

1. Chlonorchis sinensis | 2. Opistorchis vivernini

What is the snail intermediate of chlonorchis?

Parafossarulus

What is the fish intermediate of chlonorchis?

Cyprinidae

What is the infective stage of chlonorchis?

metacercariae

What is the diagnostic stage of chlonorchis?

embryonated egg

What is the stain use to demonstrate the ovoid, melon-like ridges and abopercular proturberance of Chlonorchis?

1. Potassium permanganate stain

Inflammatory response of chlonorchis can lead to hyperplasia and fibrosis of the

biliary tract

What CA is associated with chlonorchis?

Cholangiocarcinoma

[Cestodes] From undercooked pork

T. solinum

[Cestodes] from undercooked beef

T. saginata

[Cestodes] from undercooked fish

D. latum

[Cestodes] from food contaminated with dog fecese

E. granulosus

[T. solinum/ T. saginata] 4 suckers, present rostellum, 5-10 primary UB

T solinum

[T. solinum/ T. saginata] 4 suckers, no rostellum, 15 to 25 primary UB in GP

T. saginata

What is the infective stage of T. saginata?

Cystercerci

What is the infective stage of T. solinum

1. Cystercerci | 2. Eggs

What is the diagnostic stage of Taenia

Gravid proglottids

__ cause neurocystecosis

T. solinum

___ has 2 sucking grooves for attachment, have operculated eggs, fish and copepods

D. latum

What is the infective stage of D. latum

plerocercoid larvae

What is the diagnositic stage of D. latum

Unembryonated egg

What cestode can cause megaloblastic anemia due to B12 deficiency

D. latum

___ scolex and 3 proglottids; one of the smallest tapeworm

E. granulosis

What is the intermediate host of E. granulosus aside from man?

sheep

What is the definitive host of E. granulosis

dog

What is the infective stage of D. latum?

embryonated egg

What is the diagnostic stage of D. latum?

hydatid cyst

What is the definitive host of E. multilocularis

Foxes

[Diagnose] Multiloculated cyst, honeycomb vesicle

E. multilocularis

What is the most frequently found tapeworm in developed country

Hymenolepsis nana

[Diagnose] ingestion of cystercercoid larvae from infected rice or flour beetles?

H. nana

[Diagnose] Rat tapeworm

H. diminuta

[Diagnose] Ingestion of rat flea cystercercoid larvae

H. diminuta

Most common tapeworm in dogs and cats

Dipylidium caninum

[Diagnose] Barrel-shaped proglottids in stool after ingesting dog or cat fleas carrying cystercerci

Dipylidium caninum

What is the DOC for Dipylidium caninum

Niclosamide