Virology - Microbio Handout Flashcards by Clyde Silverio

DNA virus that is not icosahedral

Poxvirus

All DNA virus are icosahedral

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

RNA virus that is not helical

Rhabdovirus - bullet shape

Only RNA virus have helical symmetry

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

RNA virus wuth icosahedral symmetry

PIcorna
Toga
Calici
Hepevirus
REovirus
Flavivirus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

[Viral protein]

attachment to host cell

surface protein

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

[Viral protein]

interaction between nucleocapsid and envelope

matrix protein

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The viral envelope is a lipid membrane that is derived from ___ cell

host cell

acquired through budding

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Virus that acquired their envelope from nuclear membrane

Herpesvirus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Examples of Naked Viruses

Calici
Picorna
Reo
Parvo
Adeno
Papilloma
Polyoma

NAKED CPR PAPP

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name the Naked DNA viruses

Papilloma
Adeno
Parvo
Polyo

PAPP

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name the naked RNA viruses

Calici
Picorna
Reo
Hepe

CPRH

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

___ space between the nucleocapsid and envelope

Tegument

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All viruses are haploid except

Retrovirus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name the RNA virus with segmented genome

Bunya
Orthomyxo
Arena
Reo

BOAR

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

To transcribe negative strand to positive strand, these viruses carry what enzyme

RNA-dependent polymerase

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

__ stranded RNA viruses looks like a mRNA thus it can be translated by the host RNA

Positive strand

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are your negative stranded RNA virus?

Arena
Bunya
Para
Ortho
Filo
Rhabdo

Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which DNA virus has a single stranded DNA genome?

Parvo

Most DNA viruses have both positive and negative strand

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This double-stranded DNA has a complex structural protein which look like a box

Pox = box

All dsDNA have icosahedral symmetry

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Between negative and positive strand, which strand is used for transcription to mRNA?

Negative strand

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

[Virus life cycle]

Cite the life cycle of the virus

Adsorption
Penetration and Uncoating
Synthesis (DNA/RNA)
Assembly
Release

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

[Receptors used by viruses]

CMV

integrins (heparan sulfate)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

[Receptors used by viruses]

EBV

CD21

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

[Receptors used by viruses]

HIV

CD4
CXCR4
CCR5

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

[Receptors used by viruses]

Parvovirus B19

P antigen on RBC

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

[Receptors used by viruses] Rabies

Nicotinic AChR

[Receptors used by viruses] Rhinovirus

ICAM-1

What are examples of your virulence factors?

1. Cytokine decoys (bind to and block cytokines) 2. Virokines 3. Antigenic variants

Presence of IgM in serologic test means that the there is ___ infection

Current

Presence of IgG in serology means that there is ___ infection

past

What is the gold standard in viral diagnosis?

Presence of viral DNA or RNA

What are examples of your live vaccines?

MISS CRY 1. MMR 2. Influenza 3. Smallpox 4. Sabin polio 5. Chicken pox 6. Rotavirus 7. Yellow fever

What are examples of your killed vaccines?

1. Rabies 2. Influenza (injected) 3. Salk polio 4. Hep A

[DNA virus] Cite examples of DNA virus

1. Hepadna 2. Herpes 3. Herpes 4. Adeno 5. Pox 6. Parvo 7. Polyoma 8. Papilloma

All DNA viruses have double stranded DNA except

Parvovirus

All DNA viruses have linear DNA except

1. Hepadna 2. Polyoma 3. Papilloma

All DNA viruses are icosahedral except

Pox

All DNA viruses replicate in the nucleus except

Pox

[DNA Virus] causes 5th disease

Parvovirus B19

[Diagnose] bright red cheek rash fever coryza sore throat

Parvovirus 5th Disease

[DNA Virus] can cause aplastic crisis especially in children with sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, spherocytosis

Parvovirus Chronic B19 infection can cause pancytopenia

[DNA Virus] can cause hydrops fetalis 2nd trimester

parvovirus B19

[DNA Virus] only virus with fiber

adenovirus

[DNA Virus] adenoviridae can cause ___ cystitis

hemorrhagic cystits

[DNA Virus] Adenoviridae is Cowdry type ___ intranuclear inclusions

Type B

[DNA Virus] HPV affects what genes?

Gene E6 = inhibit p53 | Gene E7 = inhibit Rb

[DNA Virus] HPV strain that can cause skin and plantar warts

HPV 1-4 Tx if Skin: liquid nitrogen Tx if plantar: salicylic acid

[DNA Virus] HPV strain that can cause condyloma acuminata

HPV 6, 11 Tx: podophyllin

[DNA Virus] can cause cervical, penile, anal CA

HPV 16, 18, 31, 33

[DNA Virus] Can cause progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with AIDS

JC polyoma virus Demyelinating, affects oligodendrocytes - deficit speech, coordination, memory

[DNA Virus] can cause hemorrhagic cystitis and nephropathy in patients with solid organ (kidney) and bone marrow transplant

BK polyoma virus

[DNA Virus] Cause stomatitis, herpes labialis temporal lobe encephalitis

HSV1

[DNA Virus] cause herpes genitalis

HSV 2

[DNA Virus] infectious mononucleosis

EBV

[DNA Virus] cause congenital mononunucleosis

CMV

[DNA Virus] can cause kaposi sarcoma

HHV 8

[DNA Virus] Site of latency of HSV 1

trigeminal ganglia

[DNA Virus] Site of latency of HSV 2

lumbosacral ganglia

[DNA Virus] Giving of acyclovir to patients with HSV will lead to __

1. Shortens duration 2. Reduce extent of shedding 3. No effect on the latent state

[DNA Virus] VZV becomes latent in which part of the body?

dorsal root ganglia

[Diagnose] Vesicular centrifugal rash dewdrop on a rose petal cause reye syndrome

varicella Tx: acyclovir

[Diagnose] facial nerve paralysis after a varicela infection

Ramsay Hunt Syndrome

[DNA Virus] CMV virus is cultured where

shell tubes Owl's eye

[DNA Virus] CMV has a __ heterophil test

negative

What are the features of congenital CMV infection? most common cause of congenital abnormalities

1. Microcephaly 2. Seizures 3. Deafness 4. Jaundice 5. Purpura

What is the DOC for CMV?

Ganciclovir CMV is largely resistant to acyclovir

[DNA Virus] EBV preferentially infects what lymphocytes?

B lymphocyte

[DNA Virus] "Kissing disease"

Infectious mononucleosis = EBV

[DNA Virus] what is a rare complication of infectious mononucleosis?

splenic rupture

[DNA Virus] What are the associated malignancies in EBV common in african people?

Burkitt Lymphoma

[DNA Virus] What CA is associated with EBV infection that is common in chinese people?

NPCA

[DNA Virus] CA in HIV patients that is associated with EBV infection

Hairy Leukoplakia

[DNA Virus] rose-clored macules appear AFTER a high fever with erythematous papules on soft palate and base of uvula

HHV-6 = Roseola = Exanthem Subitum = 6th disease

Nagayama spots refer to?

erythematous papules on soft palate and base of uvula

[DNA Virus] red or purple patches on the skin

Kaposi = HHV 8

[DNA Virus] Classic kaposi sarcoma affects middle aged and elderly men of what race

Mediterranean/Ashkenazi Jews

[DNA Virus] Due to their similarity, kaposi sarcoma should be differentiated from ____

bacillary angiomatosis (bartonella)

[DNA Virus] Largest DNA virus

poxviridae Only virus that is complex

[DNA Virus] Guarnieri bodies

small pox

[DNA Virus] Henderson-Paterson bodies

Molluscum contangiosusm

[DNA Virus] What is the DOC for molluscum contangiosum

Cidofovir

[DNA Virus] Hepatitis virus with incomplete circular double-stranded DNA

hepatitis B

[DNA Virus] ___ only DNA virus that produces DNA by reverse transcriptase with mRNA as the template

Hep B IT HAS NO CYTOPATHIC EFFECT

[DNA Virus] What is the soluble component of the viral core (in HBV)

HBeAg

[DNA Virus] What is the DOC for HBV?

1. Interferon alpha | 2. Lamivudine

What virus is associated with polyarteritis nodosa?

HBV

All RNA viruses have single stranded DNA except

1. Reo | 2. Rota

All DNA viruses replicate in the cytoplasm except

1. Retro | 2. Influenza

[RNA Virus] What are examples of your Picornaviridae viruses?

1. Poliovirus 2. Echovirus 3. Rhinovirus 4. Coxsackie 5. Hep A 6. Picorna PERCHed on a PIC

[RNA Virus] Poliovirus replicates in which part of the body

Motor neurons in anterior horn of the spinal cord

[Polio spectrum of disease] most common clinical form, mild, febrile illness with headache, sore throat, nausea, vomiting

Abortive poliomyelitis

[Polio spectrum of disease] flaccid paralysis, permanent motor nerve damage

paralytic poliomyelitis

Polio virus is classified as Cowdry type ___ intranuclear inclusion

Type B

Polio vaccine that is live, attenuated?

Sabin OPV

[Salk/Sabin] induces intestinal IgA, affords secondary protection

Sabin

[Salk/Sabin] interrupts transmission, interferes replication,

Sabin

[Salk/Sabin] Induces humoral IgG

Salk

[RNA Virus] Vesicular rash on hands and feet ulceration in the mouth

HFMD Coxsackie virus

[RNA Virus] Fever, sore throat, tender vesicle in oropharynx no vesicular rash on hands and feet

Coxsackie - Herpengina

[RNA Virus] Most common cause of viral myocarditis and pericarditis

Coxsackie

[RNA Virus] most common cause of asceptic meningitis

Coxsackie

[RNA Virus] Rhinovirus replicate better at what temperature?

33 deg C

[RNA Virus] What is the most important test to detect Hep A

Anti-HAV IgM

[RNA Virus] Also known as enterovirus 72

HAV

[RNA Virus] Hepatitis E has a high mortality in this special group

pregnat

[RNA Virus] most common cause of nonbacterial diarrhea in ADULTS

Norovirus

[RNA Virus] most common cause of childhood diarrhea

Rotavirus - Reoviridae

[RNA Virus] the type of diarrhea in rotavirus infection?

Malabsorption NOT SECRETORY

[RNA Virus] What are the major antigens in influenza?

1. Hemeagglutinin | 2. Neuraminidase

[RNA Virus] What influenza strain can cause worldwide epidemics?

Influenza A

[RNA Virus] What influenza strain can cause outbreaks?

Influenza B

[RNA Virus] in influenza, what enzyme cleaves the membrane to release progeny virus from infected cell?

Neuraminidase

[RNA Virus] in influenza, what binds to the cell to the cell surface receptor to initiate infection of the cell

Hemagglutinin

[RNA Virus] In influenza, what is the target of neutralizing antibody

Hemagglutinin

[RNA Virus] Which influenza virus has no animal source of new RNA segments?

Influenza B

Influenza pandemics are caused by ___ (shift/drift)

Antigenic Shift

Epidemics are caused by ___ (shift/drigt)

Antigenic drifts

What is the DOC for influenza A?

Amantadine | Rimantadine

What is the DOC for Influenza in general?

Oseltamivir | Zanamivir

What is the potential CNS complication of measles?

subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

What are you paramyxoviruses?

1. Parainfluenza 2. RSV 3. Measles 4. Mumps

[RNA Virus] Warthin-Finkeldey bodies

Measles

Measles transiently depress ___ (cell-mediated/humoral)?

cell-mediated immunity

[RNA Virus] Koplik spots

MEASLES

[Diagnose] bright red lesions in a white, central dot on buccal mucosa maculopapular rash on the face, trunk, palms, sols cough, eye redness, stringy eye discharge,

Measles

[RNA Virus] What vitamin reduces severity of measles infection?

Vitamin A

[RNA Virus] Mumps initially travel to what organ prior to invading the blood stream?

local lymph nodes

[RNA Virus] increased pain when drinking citrus juice, swelling of parotid glands

Mumps

What are the complications of Mumps?

1. Parotitis 2. Orchitis 3. Meningitis (asceptiv)

[RNA Virus] What are the spikes of RSV virus?

Fusion proteins not hemagglutinins or neuraminidase

What is the most important cause of bronchiolitis in infants?

RSV

What is the most important cause of pneumonia in infants

RSV

Severe RSV disease in infants is due to immunologic cross reaction with what antibodies?

Maternal antibodies

[Diagnose] inspiratory stridor, cough, hoarseness, steeple sign

Croup = LTB = Parainfluenza Virus

[RNA Virus] Wine bottle sign

Croup = LTB = Parainfluenza

[RNA Virus] bullet shaped

rabies

[RNA Virus] negri bodies

rabies

[RNA Virus] Rabies virus moves ___ to CNS

axonal transport virus spreads centripetally up the nerve to the CNS

[RNA Virus] Rabies stays in the ___ (gray/white) matter of the brain

Gray

[RNA Virus] What are the prodromal symptoms suggestive of rabies?

1. Paresthesia | 2. Fasciculations at around the bite site

[RNA Virus] ___ phase of rabies Excessive motor activity, excitation, agitation, periods of mental abberation, lucid intervals

Encephalitic phase

[RNA Virus] ____ testing i demonstrates rabies antibodies from the CSF

Flourescent Antibody Testing

What is the preferred test to detect rabies if the sample is from the saliva?

RT-PCR

What is the optimal sample for definitive post mortem diagnosis of rabies in animal

brain

What is the reservoir of coronavirus?

Horseshoe bat

What is the intermediate host of coronavirus?

civet cat

Coronavirus causing atypical pneumonia preferentially binds to what receptor

ACE-2

What is the characteristic x-ray of coronavirus pneumonia?

non-cavitary ground glass appearance

What transmits dengue virus?

Aedes aegypti mosquito

[RNA Virus] breakbone fever

dengue

[RNA Virus] hemorrhagic shock in dengue is due to

increased cross-reacting antibody during 2nd dengue infection

[RNA Virus] Hepatitis virus with hypervariable region in envelope glycoprotein

Hep C

[RNA Virus] What are the serologic markers to diagnose Hep C virus?

1. Anti-HCV | 2. HCV RNA

What is the most prevalent blood-borne pathogen

Hep C

Replication of hep C virus in the liver is enhanced by ___

liver specific micro RNA

[RNA Virus] Hep C has an autoimmune reactions with what porphyrin subtype

porphyria cutanea tarda

What is the main cause of essential mixed cryoglobulinemia

Hep C

[Diagnose] Fever 3 day maculopapular rash + posterior auricular LAD

German measles = rubella

[RNA Virus] can cause immune complex polyarthritis in adults

rubella = german measles

[RNA Virus] What are the associated abnormalities in Congenital Rubella Syndrome?

1. PDA 2. Congenital cataracts 3. Sensorineural deafness 4. Mental retardation

[RNA Virus] What is the fusion protein in HIV?

gp 41

[RNA Virus] What is the surface protein of HIV?

gp120

p24 refers to the ___ of HIV

icosahedral core

[RNA Virus] what directs the entry of the dsDNA provirus into the nucleus

MA (p17)

[RNA Virus] HIV RNA is tightly complexed with a basic protein called ___

NC p7

[HIV proviral genome] What is the binding site for host transcription factors?

LTR

[HIV proviral genome] what codes for reverse transcriptase, protease, integrase, ribonuclease

pol

[HIV proviral genome] what codes for capsid, matrix protein, nucleocapsid protein

gag

[HIV proviral genome] what codes to promote infectivity of cell-free virus

vif

[HIV proviral genome] what is its transcriptional activator

vpr

[HIV proviral genome] what encodes for efficient virion budding

vpu

[HIV proviral genome] what codes for envelope glycoproteins

env

[HIV proviral genome] what is essential for efficient viral replication

nef

[HIV proviral genome] what regulate the structural gene expression

tat, rev

[HIV proviral genome] gag encodes for

1. p17 2. p24 3. p7 4. p9

[HIV proviral genome] pol encodes for

1. Protease 2. Reverse transcriptase 3. Endonuclease

[HIV proviral genome] env encodese for

1. gp 160 | 2. gp 160 splits into gp 120 and gp41

[HIV] protein component of nucleocapsid

p24, p7

[HIV] protein component of matrix

p17

[HIV] protein in which antigenicity changes rapidly

gp120

[HIV] serologic markers detect antibodies against this protein

p24

[HIV] in gp120, which part is the most immunogenic region

V3 loop

[HIV] antibody to this neutralizes HIV infectivity

gp120

[HIV] what protein activates transcription of viral genes?

tat

[HIV] what protein transport of late mRNAs to cytoplasm

rev

[HIV] what protein enhances hypermutation

vif

[HIV] what protein transport in nondividing cells

vpr

[HIV] enhances virion release

vpu

[HIV Phase] rapid viral replication, HIV test negative

phase 1

[HIV Phase] peak of viral load, positive HIV test, mild flu-like illness

phase 2 seroconversion

[HIV Phase] asymptomatic, CD4 goes down

latent

[AIDS defining illness: CD4 level] HSV esophagitis

<500

[AIDS defining illness: CD4 level] esophageal candidiasis

<500

[AIDS defining illness: CD4 level] kaposi sarcoma

<500

[AIDS defining illness: CD4 level] disseminated TB

<500

[AIDS defining illness: CD4 level] cerebral toxiplasmosis

<200

[AIDS defining illness: CD4 level] coccidiodomycosis

<200

[AIDS defining illness: CD4 level] chronic diarrhea

<200 C. parvum

[AIDS defining illness: CD4 level] meningoencephalitis

<200 C. neoformans

[AIDS defining illness: CD4 level] invasive pulmonary disease

<50 M. avium

[AIDS defining illness: CD4 level] histoplasmosis

<50 H. capsulatum

[AIDS defining illness: CD4 level] CMV retinitis

<50

Presumptive diagnosis is detected via

ELISA

Definitive diagnosis of HIV?

Western blot

[Diagnosis] flower shaped nucleus

HTLV

[Diagnosis] retrovirus causing adult Tcell leukemia and mmyelopathy

HTLV

[Diagnosis] Thread like virus

Ebola

[Diagnosis] most common cause of epidemic encephalitis

Japanese B encephalitis

[Diagnosis] JE encephalitis presents as ___ in CT

thalamic infarcts

[Diagnosis] JE encephalitis is transmitted by

Culex mosquito

Virology - Microbio Handout Flashcards

(209 cards)