Nipah Virus

Question 1

ماله يعني

Answer 1

Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly contagious and deadly virus that can infect both animals and humans (Zoonotic)

Question 2

Mode of transmission

Answer 2

Nipah virus is a zoonotic virus (transmitted from animals to humans), primarily spread by fruit bats (also called flying foxes).
الثعالب الطيارة عشان راسها شبه رأس الثعلب

*Natural Host: Fruit bats of the genus Pteropus.
*Transmission:
1-Animal to human: Through direct contact with infected fruit bats خفتفيش الفاكهة, pigs, or contaminated food (like raw date palm sap).
2-Human to human: Through close contact with body fluids or respiratory droplets of infected people.

Question 3

Symptoms

Answer 3

*Initial: Fever, headache, drowsiness, muscle pain.
*Severe: Encephalitis (brain inflammation), confusion, coma.
*Incubation period: 4 to 14 days, sometimes up to 45 days.
*Mortality rate: 40%–75%, depending on outbreak and healthcare access

Question 4

Diagnosis:

Answer 4

1-PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) testing of blood, cerebrospinal fluid, throat swabs, or urine.
2-ELISA for antibodies.

Question 5

Treatment

Answer 5

1-No specific antiviral treatment or vaccine currently available.
2-Supportive care is the main approach (hydration, oxygen, treating secondary infections).
3-Symptomatic treatment.

Question 6

Prevention

Answer 6

1-Avoid contact with bats and sick pigs.
2-Avoid consuming raw date palm sap. عصير بلح النخل النئ
3-Giod personal hygiene.
4-wear mask, gloves in endemic areas.

Question 7

Pathogenesis

Answer 7

Viral infection…….Viral
replication in neuron &endothelial cells……….
Viremia……….Vasculitis leading to
1-Thrombosis & Obstruction….Ischemia, Infarction
2- Extravascular Spread Parenchymal & Cellular injury