Travellers Diarrhea Flashcards
(5 cards)
Causes
التحشيشة
السيسي نار
A-Bacterial causes (most common overall – ~80–90%):
CESSY التحشيشة
1-Campylobacter jejuni – common in Southeast Asia
2-E.coli بانواعه
قولهم بقي يا حلو
*Entero-toxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) – most common globally
*Entero-aggregative E. coli (EAEC)
*Entero-invasive E. coli (EIEC)
3-Shigella species
4-Salmonella species
5-Yersenia
*Vibrio species (e.g., V. parahaemolyticus, V. cholerae)
Causes
B- Protozoal (parasitic) causes (less common – ~5–10%):
1-Giardia lamblia – associated with prolonged diarrhea, steatorrhea
عشان كده دي الحل في case
2-Entamoeba histolytica – may cause dysentery (bloody diarrhea)
3-Cryptosporidium spp. – especially in immunocompromised individuals
Causes
C- Viral causes (less common in adults – ~5–10%):
التحشيشة NAR
1-Norovirus – often causes outbreaks, cruise ships, hotels
2-Rotavirus – more common in children
3-Adenovirus – also more common in children
A 27-year-old businessman presented with a 14-day history of watery, loose stool, bloating, and some intermittent abdominal pain. Symptoms had started on the day of his return from a 9-day business trip to Thailand. He also noted fat droplets in his stools. He had stayed in a hotel and only ventured out of the hotel on one occasion. He had enjoyed the local food served during his trip and was fond of fresh fruit, salads, and iced drinks.
a) What is the most likely etiologic agent?
Travellers diarrhea mostly due to giardiasis
b) What is the mode of transmission of this agent in this case?
Feco oral
c) How to treat this case?
1-First-line treatment:
Metronidazole 250 mg orally three times daily for 5–7 days
2-Alternative options:
*Tinidazole (single dose).
*Nitazoxanide (especially in children).
How is Giardia infection diagnosed?
A. Identification of trophozoites in urine.
B. With fluorescent antibodies in the cysts.
C. The ‘rope’ test.
D. The breath tests.
B…in stool
