Flashcards in Pharmacology Exam 1 Deck (117)
Loading flashcards...
1
Substances that produce responses within the body, they are synthesized by cells of the human body, animal cells, or microorganismsEx: Insulin
Biologics
2
Treatments that consider the health of the whole person and promote disease prevention, natural, not drugs or medicineEx: herbs, acupuncture, massage, meditation
Complementary and Alternative Medicines
3
Major differences between prescription and OTC drugs
Prescription: need written order from a doctorOTC: doesn't need a prescription, has lower dosage and safer
4
Role of the FDA in the drug approval process
Reviews drugs that have worked and gone through the New Drug Application (NDA) process. Once they approve it, the drug is put on the market
5
US agency responsible for the evaluation and approval of new drugs
FDA
6
Federal law enforcement agency that combats drug smuggling and monitors controlled substances
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
7
4 phases of the drug approval process
1. preclinical investigation: drugs are tested on animals or human cells2. clinical investigation: tests on healthy human volunteers as well as people with a disease3. New Drug Application: completed if the drug appears to work and reviewed by the FDA4. Post marketing surveillance: drug is marketed but still monitored
8
Method for organizing drugs on the basis of their clinical usefulness, tells you exactly what the drug is going to do in the bodyEx: raises your BP
Therapeutic classification
9
Method for organizing drugs on the basis of their mechanism of action (at the molecular & body system levels)
Pharmacologic classification
10
Well understood model drug with which other drugs in a pharmacologic class may be compared
Prototype drug
11
Strict chemical nomenclature used for naming drugs established by the IUPAC, used in the lab
Chemical name
12
Nonproprietary name of a drug assigned by the government, stays the same throughout all companies
Generic name
13
Proprietary name of a drug assigned by the manufacturer, also called the brand or product name, usually easier to understand, most patients know this name
Trade name
14
Drug product with more than one active generic ingredient
Combination drug
15
The ability of a drug to reach the bloodstream and its target tissues
Bioavailability
16
The continued drive to use a substance despite its negative health and social consequences
Addiction
17
Strong physiological or psychological need for a substance.. associated with tolerance, you will keep needing more
Dependence
18
A drug placed into one of the five categories based on its potential for misuse or abuse
Scheduled drug
19
How a drug produces its physiological effect on the body
Drug's mechanism of action
20
Description and example of a SCHEDULE 1
No medical use, very high potential for abuseEx: heroine, LSD, marijuana
21
Description and example of a SCHEDULE 2
High potential for abuseEx: morphine, methadone
22
Description and example of a SCHEDULE 3
Potential for abuse, but less than schedule 1 and 2Ex: codeine
23
Description and example of a SCHEDULE 4
May cause dependenceEx: benzodiazepine
24
Description and example of a SCHEDULE 5
Very limited potential for dependenceEx: codeine
25
The process of moving a drug across the body's membranes from the spot of administration
Absorption
26
The process of transporting drugs through the body, tissues, heart, kidneys, brain, usually through the blood stream
Distribution
27
The total of all biochemical reactions in the body, or biotransformation
Metabolism
28
The process of removing drugs or substances from the bodyEx: by the kidneys through the urine
Excretion
29
What are the 4 phases of pharmacokinetics
AbsorptionDistributionMetabolismExcretion
30
