Posterior Abdominal Wall and Retroperitoneum Flashcards
(23 cards)
Name the structures the psoas major muscle relates with
Kidneys, ureters, Cecum, Appendix, Pancreas, Sigmoid Colon, Lumbar lymph nodes, Nerves of posterior abdominal wall
Which renal vein is longer?
The left (it has to cross the aorta)
Does the left renal vein cross the aorta anterior to it, or posterior to it
Cross anterior to aorta (usually)
Which kidney is more commonly donated and why?
Left, it gives a longer vein
Which renal artery is longer?
The right
Where does the SMA arise in relation to the renal arteries and veins and then where does it run relative to these vessels?
Arises superior to them, cross over them anteriorly
Where does the ureter cross the iliac arteries, and does it cross anterior or posterior
Crosses external iliac just below common iliac bifurcation (into internal/external). The ureter crosses anterior to the artery/vein
Varicocele
Abnormal enlargement of a vein that drains the scrotum
What veins become dilated, resulting in a varicocele?
Veins of the pampiniform plexus
On which side are varicoceles more common and why?
Left, because right testicular vein enters IVC at an acute angle, which is more favorable to flow than the 90 degree angle the left testicular vein enters the left renal vein at
What is indicative of a positive psoas test and briefly explain how the test works
Pain is indicative of positive test. Test involves providing backwards pressure while patient flexes hip, this presses the psoas muscle against structures related to it, indicating if one of them is the source of the problem
Four conditions which may be suggested by a positive psoas test
Sacroiliac disease, IV disc disease, Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, Appendicitis
What is the only nerve of the posterior abdominal wall that pierces the psoas muscle?
The genitofemoral (L1,L2)
At what level does the abdominal aorta bifurcate?
L4/L5
What transverse plane approximates the level of the aorta bifurcation?
The transumbilical plane (L3/L4), which is just slightly above the aortic bifurcation (L4/L5)
Where is the most common site of abdominal aortic aneurysm?
Below renal arteries and veins and above aortic bifurcation
If the IMA is compromised, where might the distal bowel get collateral flow from?
The SMA and/or inferior iliac system
Name the tributaries of the IVC
Common iliacs, Renal veins, Hepatic veins, Lumbar veins, Ascending lumbar veins, Inferior phrenic veins, Right suprarenal, Right gonadal
Arteries supplying the diaphragm
Pericardiophrenic, musculophrenic, superior phrenic, inferior phrenic
Veins supplying the diaphragm
Pericardiophrenic, musculophrenic, inferior phrenic
Which kidney is usually more superior?
Left is usually superior to right
Two recesses around the liver
Hepatorenal recess, subphrenic recess
Three ureteric constriction
Junction with renal pelvis, brim of pelvic inlet, bladder wall
