Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PSY 100 > S's in Glossary > Flashcards

S's in Glossary Flashcards

1
Q

savant syndrome

A

a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

scapegoat theory

A

the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

scatterplot

A

a graphed cluster of dots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

schema

A

a concept or framework that organizes and interprets info

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

schizophrenia

A

a psychological disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

secondary sex characteristics

A

non-reproductive sexual characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

selective attention

A

the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

self

A

assumed to be the center of personality, the organizer of our thoughts, feelings, and actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

self-actualization

A

one of the ultimate psychological needs that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one’s own potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

self-concept

A

all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

self-control

A

the ability to control impulses and delay short-term gratification for greater long-term rewards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

self-disclosure

A

revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

self-esteem

A

one’s feelings of high or low self-worth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

self-serving bias

A

a readiness to perceive oneself favorably

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

sensation

A

the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

sensorimotor stage

A

the stage (from birth to about 2 years old) during which infants mostly know the world in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities; Piaget

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

sensorineural hearing loss

A

hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea’s receptor cells or to the auditory nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

sensory adaptation

A

diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

sensory cortex

A

area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

sensory interaction

A

the principle that one sense may influence another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

sensory memory

A

the immediate, very brief recording of sensory info into the memory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

sensory neurons

A

neurons that carry incoming info from the sensory receptors to the brain and the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

serial position effect

A

our tendency to recall best the last and first items on a list

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

set point

A

the point at which an individual’s “weight thermostat” is supposedly set.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
sexual dysfunction
a problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning
26
sexual orientation
an enduring sexual attraction toward either members of one's own sex or the other sex
27
sexual response cycle
the 4 stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson -- excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution
28
shallow processing
encoding on a basic level based on structure or appearance of words
29
shaping
an operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior
30
short-term memory
activated memory that holds a few items briefly before info is stored or forgetten
31
signal detection theory
a theory predicting how and when we detect the presence of faint stimulus amid background stimulation
32
sleep
periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness
33
sleep apnea
a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings
34
social clock
the culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement
35
social exchange theory
the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs
36
social facilitation
stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others
37
social identity
the "we" aspect of our self-concept
38
social leadership
group-orientated leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offers support
39
social learning theory
the theory that we learn social behaviors by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished
40
social loafing
the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable
41
social psychology
the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another
42
social script
culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situations
43
social trap
a situation in which the conflicting parties become caught in mutually destructive behavior
44
social-cognitive perspective
views behavior as influenced by the interaction between people's traits and their social context
45
social-responsibility norm
an expectation that people will help those dependent upon them
46
somatic nervous system
the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles
47
source amnesia
attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined. (source amnesia and misinformation effect are the heart of false memories)
48
spacing effect
the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
49
split brain
a condition resulting from surgery that isolates the brain's two hemispheres by cutting the fibers connecting them
50
spontaneous recovery
the reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response
51
spotlight effect
overestimating other's noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders
52
SQ3R
a study method incorporating 5 steps: survey, question, read, retrieve, review
53
standard deviation
a computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score
54
standardization
defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group
55
Standford-Binet
the widely used American revision of Binet's original intelligence test
56
statistical signifance
a statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance
57
stereotype
a generalized belief about a group of people
58
stereotype threat
a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype
59
stimulants
drugs that excite neural activity and speed up bodily functions (caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, ectasy, and meth)
60
stimulus
any event or situation that evokes a response
61
storage
the retention of encoded info over time
62
stranger anxiety
the fear of strangers tat infants commonly display, beginning around 8 months old
63
structured interviews
interview process that asks the same job-relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rated on established scales
64
subjective well-being
self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life
65
subliminal
below one's absolute threshold for conscious awareness
66
substance use disorder
continued substance craving and use despite significant life disruption and/or physical risk
67
superego
the part of the personality that represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment and for future aspirations
68
subordinate goals
shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation
69
survey
a technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group
70
sympathetic nervous system
the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations
71
synapse
the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron
72
systematic desensitization
a type of therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli

PSY 100 (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions