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PSY 100 > P's in Glossary > Flashcards

P's in Glossary Flashcards

1
Q

panic disorder

A

an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or the frightening sensations

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2
Q

parallel processing

A

the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain’s natural mode of information processing for many functions; including vision

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3
Q

paraphilas

A

experiencing sexual arousal from fantasies, behaviors, or urges involving non-human objects, the suffering of self or others, and/or nonconsenting

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4
Q

parapsychology

A

the study of paranormal phenomena, including ESP and psychokinesis

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5
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

the division of autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy

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6
Q

parietal lobe

A

portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head and toward the rear; receives sensory input for touch and body position

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7
Q

parietal (intermittent) reinforcement

A

reinforcing a response only part of the time; results in slower acquisition of a response but much greater resistance to extinction that does continuous reinforcement

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8
Q

passionate love

A

an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship

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9
Q

perception

A

the process of organizing and interpreting sensory info, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events

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10
Q

perceptual adaption

A

the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field

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11
Q

perceptual constancy

A

perceiving objects as unchanging even as illumination and retinal images change

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12
Q

perceptual set

A

a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another

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13
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body

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14
Q

peripheral route persuasion

A

occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues

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15
Q

personal control

A

the extent to which people perceive control over the environment rather than feeling helpless

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16
Q

personality disorders

A

psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning

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17
Q

personality inventory

A

a questionnaire used to assess personality traits

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18
Q

personality

A

an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

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19
Q

personnel psychology

A

a subfield on I/O psychology that focuses on employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal, and development

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20
Q

PET (positron emission tomography)

A

a visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task

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21
Q

phi phenomenon

A

an illusion of movement created when 2 or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession

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22
Q

phobia

A

an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation

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23
Q

phoneme

A

the smallest distinctive unit of sound

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24
Q

pitch

A

a tone’s experienced highness or lowness, depends on frequency

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25
Q

pituitary gland

A

the endocrine system’s most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other other endocrine glands

26
Q

place theory

A

the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea’s membrane is stimulated

27
Q

placebo effect

A

experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition, which the recipient assumes is an active agent

28
Q

plasticity

A

the brain’s ability to change by reorganizing after damage or by building new pathways based on experience

29
Q

population

A

all the cases in a group being studied

30
Q

positive psychology

A

the scientific study of human functioning, with goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities thrive

31
Q

positive reinforcement

A

increasing behaviors by presenting positive reinforcers

32
Q

posthypnotic suggestion

A

a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors

33
Q

post-traumatic growth

A

positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises

34
Q

PTSD

A

a disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience

35
Q

predictive validity

A

the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict

36
Q

prejudice

A

an unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members

37
Q

preoperational stage

A

in Piaget’s theory, the stage (from 2 to 6 or 7) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic

38
Q

primary reinforcer

A

an innately reinforcing stimulus

39
Q

primary sex characteristics

A

the body structures that make sexual reproduction possible

40
Q

priming

A

the activation of certain associations, thus predisposing one’s perception, memory, or response

41
Q

proactive interference

A

the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new info

42
Q

projective test

A

a personality test that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of one’s inner dynamics

43
Q

prosocial behavior

A

positive, constructive, helpful behavior

44
Q

prototype

A

a mental image or best example of a category

45
Q

psychiatry

A

a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders

46
Q

psychoactive drugs

A

a chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods

47
Q

psychoanalysis

A

Freud’s theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts

48
Q

psychodynamic theories

A

view personality with a focus on the unconscious and the importance of childhood experiences

49
Q

psychodynamic therapy

A

therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition that views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences

50
Q

psychological disorder

A

a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior

51
Q

psychology

A

the science of behavior and mental processes

52
Q

psychopharmacology

A

the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior

53
Q

psychophysics

A

the study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli and our psychological experience of them

54
Q

psychosexual stages

A

the childhood stages of development (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital) during which the id’s pleasure seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones

55
Q

psychosis

A

a psychological disorder in which a person loses contact with reality, experiencing irrational ideas and distorted perceptions

56
Q

psychosurgery

A

surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior

57
Q

psychotherapy

A

treatment involving psychological techniques

58
Q

puberty

A

the period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproduction

59
Q

punishment

A

an event that tends to decrease the behavior that it follows

60
Q

pupil

A

the adjustable opening at the center of the eye though which light enters

PSY 100 (19 decks)

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