S2L3: Metabolic Conditions - Metabolic Syndrome

Question 1

Modified T/F:

A. Metabolic syndrome refers to numerous medical conditions clustered into 1
B. Increases the risk for heart disease, stroke & type 1 DM

Answer 1

TF

Increases the risk for heart disease, stroke & type 2 DM

Question 2

Modified T/F:

A. Metabolic conditions include high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and abnormal triglyceride levels
B. It also include excess body fat or properitoneal fat in abdominal areas

Answer 2

TF

Excess body fat / visceral fat in abdominal area

Question 3

Give 2 causes of Metabolic syndrome

Answer 3

1. Obesity
2. Inactivity/sedentary lifestyle

Question 4

T/F

In PH, Type 2 DM is more common in females than males with prevalence rate of 0.18%

Answer 4

False

in the PH: F > M (0.28% prevalence rate)

Question 4

Which of the following is not considered a risk factor for metabolic conditions?

A) Sleep apnea
B) Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
C) Hypotension
D) Nonalcoholic Liver Fatty Disease (NAFLD)

Answer 4

C) Hypotension

Question 4

T/F:

Other linked conditions to metabolic syndrome is insulin resistance Type 2 DM

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Which of the following is not considered a risk factor for metabolic conditions?

A) Age
B) Obesity
C) Hispanic men abroad
D) Diabetes (Type 2)

Answer 5

C) Hispanic men abroad

Ethnicity
○ more common in Hispanic women abroad

Question 6

True or False

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) increases risk by 2.4 times d/t increased chances for visceral obesity, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, cerebrovascular diseases, gynecological cancers, & type 2 DM

Answer 6

False

4.2 times

Question 7

Clinical Manifestations

Abdominal obesity
M = [] inches waistline
F = [] inches waistline

Answer 7

○ M : > 40 in. waistline
○ F : > 35 in. waistline

Question 8

Hyperglycemia

Fasting blood sugar: [] mg/dL

Answer 8

≥ 110

Question 9

Best marker for hyperglycemia

Answer 9

HBA1C

Question 10

Modified T/F:

A. HBA1C measures Hemoglobin A1C or glycated/glycosylated Hgb
B. It measures sugar levels for the past 4 mos

Answer 10

TF

Measures sugar levels for the past 3 mos

Question 11

HBA1C Values

1. Normal =
2. Prediabetes =
3. Diabetes =

Answer 11

1. <5.7%
2. 5.7% - 6.4%
3. 6.5% or higher

*Refer pts to endocrinologist for
proper Mx of prediabetes and diabetes

Question 12

Htn Blood pressure:

Answer 12

> 110 / >70 mmHg

Question 13

Modified T/F: Triglyceride

A. In individuals with Metabolic Syndrome, HDL levels are typically higher than 40 mg/dL for males and 35 mg/dL for females.
B. LDL for both sex are typically greater than 130 mg/dL

Answer 13

FT

Less than 40mg/dL for males
Less than 35mg/dL for females

Question 14

What is the normal value for Cholesterol?

Answer 14

< 200 mg/dL

Question 15

Modified T/F

A. Clinical presentation of Metabolic syndrome include increased thirst (polyuria)
B. It also include increased urination (polydipsia)

Answer 15

FF

Increased thirst (polydipsia)1
Increased urination (polyuria)

Question 16

Which of the following clinical presentations is not typically associated with metabolic syndrome?

A) Large waist circumference
B) Increased thirst (polydipsia)
C) Fatigue
D) Joint pain

Answer 16

D) Joint pain

Question 17

Modified T/F:

A. Increased sugar levels of the body can lead to microvascular changes in the retina leading to blurred vision
b. It can also cause systemic metabolic & vascular disease together with retinopathy, retinal
hemorrhages, & signs of retinal ischemia.

Answer 17

TT

Question 18

What is the triad of diabetes?

Answer 18

1. Polyuria
2. Polydipsia
3. Polyphagia (increased hunger)

Question 19

Metabolic syndrome is defined as having () of the 5
components:

Answer 19

≥ 3

Question 20

T/F: Comoponents of Metabolic Syndrome

An elevated waist circumference for men is defined as ≥ 102 cm.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

T/F: Comoponents of Metabolic Syndrome

Low HDL cholesterol for females is defined as < 40 mg/dL.

Answer 21

False

F: < 50 mg/dL

Question 22

T/F: Comoponents of Metabolic Syndrome

Elevated blood pressure is defined as SBP ≥ 120 mmHg.

Answer 22

False

SBP: ≥ 130 mmHg

Question 23

# T/F: Components of Metabolic Syndrome An elevated fasting glucose level is defined as ≥ 120 mg/dL. | or Drug Tx for elevated glucose

Answer 23

False ## Footnote ≥ 100 mg/dL

Question 24

# T/F: Comoponents of Metabolic Syndrome Elevated triglycerides are defined as ≥ 200 mg/dL. ## Footnote or Drug Tx for elevated triglycerides

Answer 24

False ## Footnote ≥ 150 mg/dL

Question 25

# T/F: Comoponents of Metabolic Syndrome An elevated waist circumference for females is defined as ≥ 88 cm.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

# T/F: Comoponents of Metabolic Syndrome Low HDL cholesterol for males is defined as < 50 mg/dL.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

# T/F: Comoponents of Metabolic Syndrome Elevated blood pressure is defined as DBP ≥ 90 mmHg.

Answer 27

False ## Footnote DBP: ≥ 85 mm Hg

Question 28

What is the recommended duration of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise to help prevent metabolic syndrome? A) 15-30 minutes B) 30-60 minutes C) 60-90 minutes D) 90-120 minutes

Answer 28

B) 30-60 minutes

Question 29

How often should moderate-intensity aerobic exercise be done per week to help prevent metabolic syndrome? A) 1-2 times B) 3-5 times C) 6-7 times D) Daily

Answer 29

B) 3-5 times

Question 30

Why is it beneficial to seek consultations from a nutritionist and dietitian for proper nutrition to prevent metabolic syndrome? A) To increase fat intake B) To limit carbohydrate intake C) To ensure balanced and healthy eating habits D) To promote excessive calorie consumption

Answer 30

C) To ensure balanced and healthy eating habits

Question 31

How does limiting saturated fat and salt in the diet contribute to preventing metabolic syndrome? A) It increases fat accumulation in the body B) It promotes water retention in the body C) It decreases fat accumulation and water retention in the body D) It has no effect on metabolic syndrome

Answer 31

C) It decreases fat accumulation and water retention in the body

Question 32

Which of the following lifestyle changes is not recommended for preventing metabolic syndrome? A) Smoking cessation B) Drinking alcohol in moderation C) Regular exercise D) Proper nutrition

Answer 32

B) Drinking alcohol in moderation