S3L2: Functional Anatomy

Question 1

This concept refers to the interlocking ridges and grooves of the bony joint surfaces of the pelvis

Answer 1

Force Closure*

according to ppt, but this is form closure based on https://www.serola.net/the-fallacies-of-the-keystone-form-and-force-closure-concept/#:~:text=Form%20closure%20is%20defined%20as,between%20the%20sacrum%20and%20ilia.

Question 2

This is achieved through the compressive forces of the muscles, ligaments, and fascia providing passive stability to the SIJ

Answer 2

Form closure*

according to ppt, but this is force closure based on https://www.serola.net/the-fallacies-of-the-keystone-form-and-force-closure-concept/#:~:text=Form%20closure%20is%20defined%20as,between%20the%20sacrum%20and%20ilia.

Question 3

T/F

Force closure is defined as the fit of the wedge-shaped sacrum between the ilia

Answer 3

True*

according to ppt, but this is form closure based on https://www.serola.net/the-fallacies-of-the-keystone-form-and-force-closure-concept/#:~:text=Form%20closure%20is%20defined%20as,between%20the%20sacrum%20and%20ilia.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT one of the major functions of pelvic floor muscles?
A) Supporting the bladder
B) Supporting the uterus (females) or prostate (males)
C) Supporting the spleen
D) Supporting the anus and rectum

Answer 4

C) Supporting the spleen

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT one of the major functions of pelvic floor muscles?
A) Supporting the bladder, uterus (females), or prostate (males)
B) Contributing to continence of urine and feces
C) Enhancing digestion and nutrient absorption
D) Contributing to sexual functions of arousal and orgasm

Answer 5

C) Enhancing digestion and nutrient absorption

Question 6

Modified T/F

A. Pelvic floor muscles support the anus and rectum
B. They also support the intra-abdominal contents

Answer 6

TT

Question 7

Modified T/F

A. Pelvic diaphragm is a thin, muscular layer of tissue that forms the posterior border of the
abdominopelvic cavity
B. It is composed of a thin, funnel-shaped sling of fascia or muscle

Answer 7

FT

Thin, muscular layer of tissue that forms the inferior border of the
abdominopelvic cavity

Question 8

T/F

Pelvic Diaphgram extends from the symphysis pubis to the coccyx and from one lateral sidewall to the other

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Modified T/F

A. Urogenital diaphgram occupies space between the symphysis pubis and ischial tuberosities
B. It stretches across the triangular anterior portion of the pelvic inlet

Answer 9

TF

Stretches across the triangular anterior portion of the pelvic outlet

Question 10

True or False: The Urogenital Diaphragm is a strong, muscular membrane located external and inferior to the pelvic diaphragm.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

True or False: Pelvic ligaments are not actual ligaments but are instead a thickening of the intraperitoneal fascia.

Answer 11

False

retroperitoneal fascia

Question 12

True or False: Pelvic ligaments primarily consist of blood vessels, nerves, and fatty connective tissue rather than collagen fibers.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Refers to the continuations of the transversalis fascia of the abdomen

Answer 13

Subserous fascia or endopelvic fascia

Question 14

Modified T/F

A. Cardinal Ligaments are thin, mesenteric-like double reflection of peritoneum
B. Mackenrodt’s ligaments extend from lateral pelvic sidewalls to the uterus

Answer 14

FF

Both refer to Broad ligaments

Question 15

T/F

Broad ligaments stretches from lateral pelvic sidewalls to the uterus

Answer 15

True

Question 16

These ligaments extend from the upper portion of the cervix posteriorly to the 3rd sacral vertebra

Answer 16

Uterosacral ligaments

Question 17

These ligaments extend from the lateral aspects of the upper part of the cervix and the vagina to the pelvic wall

Answer 17

Cardinal/Mackenrodt’s Ligaments

Question 18

Which of the following are not DEEP muscles?
A) Pubococcygeus
B) Ileococcygeus
C) External anal sphincter
D) Puborectalis
E) B and C

Answer 18

C) External anal sphincter

Question 19

Which of the following muscles are considered SUPERFICIAL?
A) Pubococcygeus
B) Puborectalis
C) Perineal body
D) Coccygeus
E) B and C

Answer 19

C) Perineal body

Question 20

Among the listed muscles, which ones belong to the DEEP layer?
A) External anal sphincter and Perineal body
B) Pubococcygeus and Ileococcygeus
C) Puborectalis and Coccygeus
D) Puboperineal (transverse perinei) muscles and Perineal body
E) B and C

Answer 20

E) B and C

Question 21

Modified T/F

A. Internal anal sphicter is an extension of the longitudinal muscles of the rectum
B. External anal sphincter is an extension of the circule muscle layer of the rectum

Answer 21

FF

● Internal Anal Sphincter - Extension of the circular muscle layer of the rectum
● External Anal Sphincter - Extension of the longitudinal muscles of the rectum

Question 22

T/F

Internal anal sphincter are technically part of the levator ani muscles

Answer 22

False

External anal sphincter

Question 23

Modified T/F

A. Innervation of the pelvic floor includes pudendal nerve and direct branch from S4
B. Pudendal nerve (S2-S3) is the nerve to levator ani muscles

Answer 23

TF

Direct branch from S4 - nerve to Levator Ani

Question 24

Which of the following functions are NOT associated with the pelvic floor?
A) Control bladder and bowel
B) Passage of urine and feces
C) Breathing
D) Pregnancy and childbirth
E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Answer 24

F) None of the above