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(3) PT in Special Conditions > S2L3: Thyroid, Adrenal Disorders, and Other Metabolic Conditions > Flashcards

S2L3: Thyroid, Adrenal Disorders, and Other Metabolic Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

This condition can cause the production of large amounts of diluted urine from drinking excessive amounts of fluids

A

Diabetes Insipidus

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2
Q

Modified T/F

A. Renal resistance to vasopressin causes central diabetes insipidus
B. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is caused by lack of vasopressin production/secretion

A

FF

Central diabetes insipidus - Lack of Vasopressin production or secretion
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus - Renal resistance to Vasopressin

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3
Q

Modified T/F:

A. Excessive hypotonic urine is a symptom of central diabetes, insipidus, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and primary polydipsia
B. Central diabetes insipidus is caused by excessive fluid intake

A

TF

Primary polydipsia is caused by excessive fluid intake

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3
Q

True or False

Primary polydipsia can be caused by damage to the thirst-regulating mechanism in the hippocampus.

A

False

Primary polydipsia can be caused by damage to the thirst-regulating mechanism in the hypothalamus.

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4
Q

Diabetes Melltius: Type 1, Type 2 or Both

Occurs due to insulin resistance
(i.e. when the body does not
respond well to insulin)

A

Type 2

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4
Q

T/F

Diabetes insipidus is also known as Primary Polydipsia, Dipsogenic diabetes insipidus

A

True

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4
Q

Diabetes Melltius: Type 1, Type 2 or Both

Genetic

A

Type 1

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5
Q

Diabetes Melltius: Type 1, Type 2 or Both

Tends to develop at an older age

A

Type 2

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5
Q

Diabetes Melltius: Type 1, Type 2 or Both

“Patches” seen on arms

A

Type 1

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6
Q

Diabetes Melltius: Type 1, Type 2 or Both

Can be prevented with lifestyle changes

A

Type 2

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7
Q

Diabetes Melltius: Type 1, Type 2 or Both

Can be managed with lifestyle modifications alone if diagnosed early

A

Type 2

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8
Q

Diabetes Melltius: Type 1, Type 2 or Both

Require insulin therapy

A

Type 1

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9
Q

Diabetes Melltius: Type 1, Type 2 or Both

Sx of blurry vision, sores or wounds that heal slowly, & numbness & tingling sensation in hands & feet

A

Both

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10
Q

Diabetes Melltius: Type 1, Type 2 or Both

Sx of frequent urination, increased thirst, extreme hunger, unintentional weight loss, fatigue

A

Both

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11
Q

Diabetes Melltius: Type 1, Type 2 or Both

Cannot be prevented

A

Type 1

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12
Q

Diabetes Melltius: Type 1, Type 2 or Both

Tends to develop at a young age

A

Type 1

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13
Q

Diabetes Melltius: Type 1, Type 2 or Both

Occurs when the pancreas is unable to produce enough insulin

A

Type 1

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14
Q

Diabetes Melltius: Type 1, Type 2 or Both

can benefit from lifestyle modifications such as a healthy diet, physical activity, blood sugar level monitoring, & management of
stress & other existing health conditions

A

Both

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15
Q

T/F:

Maple Syrup Urine Disease disrupts the metabolism of certain neurons that causes rapid degeneration of amino acids

A

False

Disrupts the metabolism of certain amino acids that causes rapid degeneration of the** neurons**

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16
Q

Modified T/F:

A. Maple Syrup Urine Disease may cause death within the first few months after birth
B. Most affected population are babies

A

TT

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17
Q

T/F:

Maple Syrup Urine Disease is a genetic condition

A

True

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18
Q

Enumerate 3 amino acids and toxic metabolic byproducts that accumulate in Maple Syrup Urine Disease

A

Valine
Leucine
Isoleucine

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19
Q

Modified T/F

A. In Gaucher’s Disease, there’s inability to break down a particular kind of cholesterol which accumulates in the liver, spleen, & bone marrow
B. It may result in pain, bone damage, & eventually death

A

FT

Inability to break down a particular kind of **fat **which accumulates in the liver, spleen, & bone marrow

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20
Q

T/F

There is a multisystem involvement in Type 2 Gaucher Disease

A

False

Type 1 Gaucher Disease

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21
Q

T/F

Gaucher’s disease can manifest in any age

A

True

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22
Q

Which of the following signs or symptoms are associated with Gaucher’s Disease?

A) Erlenmeyer Flask Deformity
B) Pathological Fracture
C) Jaundice
D) Polyuria

A

B) Pathological Fracture

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23
Q

The following are signs and symptoms of Gaucher’s Disease, except for?

A) Liver shrinking
B) Collapsed vertebrae
C) Enlarged spleen
D) Bone pain and Bone crisis

A

A) Liver shrinking

Should be hepatomegaly or enlarged liver

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24
Q

Which of the following are signs and symptoms of Gaucher’s Disease

  1. Erlenmeyer Flask Deformity
  2. Thrombocytopenia
  3. Anemia
  4. Osteonecrosis
  5. Bone Marrow Infiltration
  6. Osteopenia
A

All are s/sx of Gaucher’s Disease

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25
Q

Addison’s vs. Cushing’s Disease

  1. Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
  2. Excess cortisol production
  3. Low cortisol
  4. Alopecia
  5. Moon face
A
  1. A
  2. C
  3. A
  4. A
  5. C
26
Q

Addison’s vs. Cushing’s Disease

  1. Hypoglycaemia
  2. Low Mood
  3. Frail & Weak (low weight)
  4. Truncal obesity
  5. Hyperglycaemia
A
  1. A
  2. A
  3. A
  4. C
  5. C
27
Q

Addison’s vs. Cushing’s Disease

  1. Buffalo Hump
  2. Fat pad on back
  3. Slow wound healing
  4. Hypokalemia
  5. Skin thinning
A

All are sx of Cushing’s

28
Q

Addison’s vs. Cushing’s Disease

  1. Hirsutism
  2. Low libido in females
  3. Amenorrhea in females
  4. Darkened skin (d/t inc MSH)
  5. Purple/Red Striae
A
  1. C
  2. A
  3. A
  4. A
  5. C
29
Q

Addison’s vs. Cushing’s Disease

  1. Low temperature
  2. Hyperkalemia & ST elevation
  3. High blood pressure
  4. Low blood pressure
  5. Fatigue
A
  1. A
  2. A
  3. C
  4. A
  5. A
30
Q

Addison’s vs. Cushing’s Disease

  1. Hyponatraemia
  2. Hypernatraemia
  3. Salt craving
  4. Weak bones & prone to osteoporosis
A
  1. A
  2. C
  3. A
  4. C
31
Q

T/F

Cushing’s syndrome is the consequence of primary adrenal
insufficiency, where there is little/no cortisol production by the adrenal glands

A

False

Addison’s Disease

32
Q

Modified T/F:

A. The most common cause of Cushing’s syndrome is ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma
B. It may also be from excess cortisol due to the overuse of steroids

A

FT

Most common cause: excess cortisol due
to the overuse of steroids

33
Q

T/F

Addison’s disease and Cushing’s disease are renal disorders

A

False

Adrenal disorders

34
Q

Addison’s vs. Cushing’s Disease

  1. Decreased production of CORTISOL & ALDOSTERONE
  2. Increased production of CORTISOL by the adrenal cortex
A
  1. A
  2. C
35
Q

Addison’s vs. Cushing’s Disease

  1. Excessive glucocorticoids
  2. Partial or complete failure of adrenocortical function
A
  1. C
  2. A
36
Q

Addison’s vs. Cushing’s Disease

Etiology
1. MC : Pituitary tumor
2. Infection, neoplasm, hemorrhage

A
  1. C
  2. A
37
Q

Addison’s vs. Cushing’s Disease

Medical Interventions
1. Glucocorticoids, adequate fluid intake, control of sodium & potassium, diet of protein & carbs
2. Irradiation, Surgical excision of pituitary tumor,
monitor weight, electrolyte & fluid balance

A
  1. A
  2. C
38
Q

T/F:

S/sx of Cushing’s syndrome includes:
* Decrease glucose tolerance, moon fascie, obesity (chest & abdomen, buffalo hump)
* decrease testosterone
* increase menstrual periods
* muscular atrophy
* edema
* hypokalemia
* emotional lability

A

False

Decrease menstrual periods

39
Q

T/F:

S/sx of Addison’s syndrome includes:
* Increase bronzed skin pigmentation,
* weakness
* decrease endurance
* anorexia
* anxiety
* depression
* decreased tolerance to cold
* stress tolerance

A

False

stress intolerance

40
Q

Hypothyroidism vs. Hyperthyroidism

  1. Cold intolerance
  2. Heat intolerance
A
  1. Hypo
  2. Hyper
41
Q

Hypothyroidism vs. Hyperthyroidism

  1. Puffy or bulging eyes
  2. Puffy face
A
  1. Hyper
  2. Hypo
42
Q

Hypothyroidism vs. Hyperthyroidism

  1. Fatigue
  2. Insomia
A
  1. Both
  2. Both
43
Q

Hypothyroidism vs. Hyperthyroidism

  1. Hair loss
  2. Hair growth
A
  1. Both
  2. None
44
Q

Hypothyroidism vs. Hyperthyroidism

  1. Decreased sweating
  2. Increased sweating
A
  1. Hypo
  2. Hyper
45
Q

Hypothyroidism vs. Hyperthyroidism

  1. Depression & irritability
  2. Nervousness & anxiety
A
  1. Hypo
  2. Hyper
46
Q

Hypothyroidism vs. Hyperthyroidism

  1. Nail thickening & flaking
  2. Brittle nails
A
  1. Hyper
  2. Hypo
47
Q

Hypothyroidism vs. Hyperthyroidism

  1. Constipation
  2. Diarrhea
A
  1. Hypo
  2. Hyper
48
Q

Hypothyroidism vs. Hyperthyroidism

  1. Weight loss or gain
  2. Weight gain only
A
  1. Hyper
  2. Hypo
49
Q

Hypothyroidism vs. Hyperthyroidism

  1. Short & light periods
  2. Irregular & heavy periods
A
  1. Hyper
  2. Hypo
50
Q

Hypothyroidism vs. Hyperthyroidism

  1. Slow heart rate
  2. Racing heart
A
  1. Hypo
  2. Hyper
51
Q

Hypothyroidism vs. Hyperthyroidism

  1. Muscle weakness
  2. Muscle or joint pain
A
  1. Hyper
  2. Hypo
52
Q

Modified T/F:

  1. Hyperthyroidism refers to the hyperactivity of the thyroid gland
  2. It causes enlarged thyroid
A

TT

53
Q

Modified T/F

A. Hyperthyroidism decreases secretion of Thyroxine
B. There’s also decrease in metabolic processes

A

FF

A. increased secretion of Thyroxine
B. Increase metabolic processes

54
Q

What are the 2 red flags in Hyperthyroidism?

A
  1. Exercise intolerance
  2. Fatigue (hypermetabolic state)
55
Q

T/F

S/sx of Hyperthyroidism includes nervousness, hyperreflexia, tremor, hunger, weight loss, fatigue, heat intolerance, palpitations, tachycardia, diarrhea

A

True

56
Q

Hyperthyroidism: Grave’s disease vs. Thyroid storm

Life threatening health condition associated with untreated hyperthyroidism

A

Thyroid storm

57
Q

Hyperthyroidism: Grave’s disease vs. Thyroid storm

Increased HR, BP, & body temp which can increase to dangerously high levels

A

Thyroid storm

58
Q

Hyperthyroidism: Grave’s disease vs. Thyroid storm

autoimmune disorder that results in
overproduction of Thyroid hormone

A

Grave’s diseases

59
Q

Hyperthyroidism: Grave’s disease vs. Thyroid storm

Have bulging eyes

A

Grave’s diseases

60
Q

Hyperthyroidism: Grave’s disease vs. Thyroid storm

Fatal without prompt aggressive treatment

A

Thyroid storm

61
Q

T/F

Red Flags of Hyperthyroidism include exercise intolerance, weakness, apathy, exercise induced myalgia, and reduced cardiac output

A

False

These are red flags of Hypothyroidism

62
Q

T/F

S/sx of Hypothyroidism include Weight gain, mental & physical lethargy, dry skin & hair, low BP, constipation, intolerance to cold, Goiter

A

True

63
Q

T/F

Hypothyrodism may lead to death

A

True

64
Q

Hypothyrodism: Increased or Decreased?

  1. thyroid gland activity
  2. body function
  3. thyroid releasing horomes
  4. antithyroid medications
A

All are decreased in HYPOthyrodism except for antithyroid medications

65
Q

What is correct regarding Hashimoto’s disease?
a) Hashimoto’s disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes the thyroid gland to become overactive, leading to hyperthyroidism.

b) Hashimoto’s disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes inflammation of the thyroid gland, leading to hypothyroidism.

c) Hashimoto’s disease is a bacterial infection of the thyroid gland, resulting in hypothyroidism.

d) Hashimoto’s disease is a genetic disorder characterized by the absence of the thyroid gland, causing hypothyroidism.

A

b) Hashimoto’s disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes inflammation of the thyroid gland, leading to hypothyroidism.

66
Q

Which of the following signs or symptoms are associated with Hashimoto’s disease?

A) Muscle weakness
B) Excessive sweating
C) Rapid heartbeat
D) Brittle nails

A

D) Brittle nails

67
Q

Which of the following signs or symptoms is not typically associated with Hashimoto’s disease?

A) Brain fog
B) Goiter
C) Fatigue
D) Diarrhea

A

D) Diarrhea

Should be constipation

68
Q

T/F

Hashimoto’s disease presents symptoms such as menstrual changes and dry skin

A

True

(3) PT in Special Conditions (40 decks)

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