S2L3: Thyroid, Adrenal Disorders, and Other Metabolic Conditions

Question 1

This condition can cause the production of large amounts of diluted urine from drinking excessive amounts of fluids

Answer 1

Diabetes Insipidus

Question 2

Modified T/F

A. Renal resistance to vasopressin causes central diabetes insipidus
B. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is caused by lack of vasopressin production/secretion

Answer 2

FF

Central diabetes insipidus - Lack of Vasopressin production or secretion
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus - Renal resistance to Vasopressin

Question 3

Modified T/F:

A. Excessive hypotonic urine is a symptom of central diabetes, insipidus, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and primary polydipsia
B. Central diabetes insipidus is caused by excessive fluid intake

Answer 3

TF

Primary polydipsia is caused by excessive fluid intake

Question 3

True or False

Primary polydipsia can be caused by damage to the thirst-regulating mechanism in the hippocampus.

Answer 3

False

Primary polydipsia can be caused by damage to the thirst-regulating mechanism in the hypothalamus.

Question 4

Diabetes Melltius: Type 1, Type 2 or Both

Occurs due to insulin resistance
(i.e. when the body does not
respond well to insulin)

Answer 4

Type 2

Question 4

T/F

Diabetes insipidus is also known as Primary Polydipsia, Dipsogenic diabetes insipidus

Answer 4

True

Question 4

Diabetes Melltius: Type 1, Type 2 or Both

Genetic

Answer 4

Type 1

Question 5

Diabetes Melltius: Type 1, Type 2 or Both

Tends to develop at an older age

Answer 5

Type 2

Question 5

Diabetes Melltius: Type 1, Type 2 or Both

“Patches” seen on arms

Answer 5

Type 1

Question 6

Diabetes Melltius: Type 1, Type 2 or Both

Can be prevented with lifestyle changes

Answer 6

Type 2

Question 7

Diabetes Melltius: Type 1, Type 2 or Both

Can be managed with lifestyle modifications alone if diagnosed early

Answer 7

Type 2

Question 8

Diabetes Melltius: Type 1, Type 2 or Both

Require insulin therapy

Answer 8

Type 1

Question 9

Diabetes Melltius: Type 1, Type 2 or Both

Sx of blurry vision, sores or wounds that heal slowly, & numbness & tingling sensation in hands & feet

Answer 9

Both

Question 10

Diabetes Melltius: Type 1, Type 2 or Both

Sx of frequent urination, increased thirst, extreme hunger, unintentional weight loss, fatigue

Answer 10

Both

Question 11

Diabetes Melltius: Type 1, Type 2 or Both

Cannot be prevented

Answer 11

Type 1

Question 12

Diabetes Melltius: Type 1, Type 2 or Both

Tends to develop at a young age

Answer 12

Type 1

Question 13

Diabetes Melltius: Type 1, Type 2 or Both

Occurs when the pancreas is unable to produce enough insulin

Answer 13

Type 1

Question 14

Diabetes Melltius: Type 1, Type 2 or Both

can benefit from lifestyle modifications such as a healthy diet, physical activity, blood sugar level monitoring, & management of
stress & other existing health conditions

Answer 14

Both

Question 15

T/F:

Maple Syrup Urine Disease disrupts the metabolism of certain neurons that causes rapid degeneration of amino acids

Answer 15

False

Disrupts the metabolism of certain amino acids that causes rapid degeneration of the** neurons**

Question 16

Modified T/F:

A. Maple Syrup Urine Disease may cause death within the first few months after birth
B. Most affected population are babies

Answer 16

TT

Question 17

T/F:

Maple Syrup Urine Disease is a genetic condition

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Enumerate 3 amino acids and toxic metabolic byproducts that accumulate in Maple Syrup Urine Disease

Answer 18

Valine
Leucine
Isoleucine

Question 19

Modified T/F

A. In Gaucher’s Disease, there’s inability to break down a particular kind of cholesterol which accumulates in the liver, spleen, & bone marrow
B. It may result in pain, bone damage, & eventually death

Answer 19

FT

Inability to break down a particular kind of **fat **which accumulates in the liver, spleen, & bone marrow

Question 20

T/F

There is a multisystem involvement in Type 2 Gaucher Disease

Answer 20

False

Type 1 Gaucher Disease

Question 21

# T/F Gaucher's disease can manifest in any age

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Which of the following signs or symptoms are associated with Gaucher's Disease? A) Erlenmeyer Flask Deformity B) Pathological Fracture C) Jaundice D) Polyuria

Answer 22

B) Pathological Fracture

Question 23

The following are signs and symptoms of Gaucher's Disease, except for? A) Liver shrinking B) Collapsed vertebrae C) Enlarged spleen D) Bone pain and Bone crisis

Answer 23

A) Liver shrinking ## Footnote Should be hepatomegaly or enlarged liver

Question 24

# Which of the following are signs and symptoms of Gaucher's Disease 1. Erlenmeyer Flask Deformity 2. Thrombocytopenia 3. Anemia 4. Osteonecrosis 5. Bone Marrow Infiltration 6. Osteopenia

Answer 24

All are s/sx of Gaucher's Disease

Question 25

# Addison's vs. Cushing's Disease 1. Primary Adrenal Insufficiency 2. Excess cortisol production 3. Low cortisol 4. Alopecia 5. Moon face

Answer 25

1. A 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. C

Question 26

# Addison's vs. Cushing's Disease 1. Hypoglycaemia 2. Low Mood 3. Frail & Weak (low weight) 4. Truncal obesity 5. Hyperglycaemia

Answer 26

1. A 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. C

Question 27

# Addison's vs. Cushing's Disease 1. Buffalo Hump 2. Fat pad on back 3. Slow wound healing 4. Hypokalemia 5. Skin thinning

Answer 27

All are sx of Cushing's

Question 28

# Addison's vs. Cushing's Disease 1. Hirsutism 2. Low libido in females 3. Amenorrhea in females 4. Darkened skin (d/t inc MSH) 5. Purple/Red Striae

Answer 28

1. C 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. C

Question 29

# Addison's vs. Cushing's Disease 1. Low temperature 2. Hyperkalemia & ST elevation 3. High blood pressure 4. Low blood pressure 5. Fatigue

Answer 29

1. A 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. A

Question 30

# Addison's vs. Cushing's Disease 1. Hyponatraemia 2. Hypernatraemia 2. Salt craving 3. Weak bones & prone to osteoporosis

Answer 30

1. A 2. C 3. A 4. C

Question 31

# T/F Cushing's syndrome is the consequence of primary adrenal insufficiency, where there is little/no cortisol production by the adrenal glands

Answer 31

False ## Footnote Addison's Disease

Question 32

# Modified T/F: A. The most common cause of Cushing's syndrome is ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma B. It may also be from excess cortisol due to the overuse of steroids

Answer 32

FT ## Footnote Most common cause: excess cortisol due to the overuse of steroids

Question 33

# T/F Addison's disease and Cushing's disease are renal disorders

Answer 33

False ## Footnote Adrenal disorders

Question 34

# Addison's vs. Cushing's Disease 1. Decreased production of CORTISOL & ALDOSTERONE 2. Increased production of CORTISOL by the adrenal cortex

Answer 34

1. A 2. C

Question 35

# Addison's vs. Cushing's Disease 1. Excessive glucocorticoids 2. Partial or complete failure of adrenocortical function

Answer 35

1. C 2. A

Question 36

# Addison's vs. Cushing's Disease Etiology 1. MC : Pituitary tumor 2. Infection, neoplasm, hemorrhage

Answer 36

1. C 2. A

Question 37

# Addison's vs. Cushing's Disease Medical Interventions 1. Glucocorticoids, adequate fluid intake, control of sodium & potassium, diet of protein & carbs 2. Irradiation, Surgical excision of pituitary tumor, monitor weight, electrolyte & fluid balance

Answer 37

1. A 2. C

Question 38

# T/F: S/sx of Cushing's syndrome includes: * Decrease glucose tolerance, moon fascie, obesity (chest & abdomen, buffalo hump) * decrease testosterone * increase menstrual periods * muscular atrophy * edema * hypokalemia * emotional lability

Answer 38

False ## Footnote Decrease menstrual periods

Question 39

# T/F: S/sx of Addison's syndrome includes: * Increase bronzed skin pigmentation, * weakness * decrease endurance * anorexia * anxiety * depression * decreased tolerance to cold * stress tolerance

Answer 39

False ## Footnote stress intolerance

Question 40

# Hypothyroidism vs. Hyperthyroidism 1. Cold intolerance 2. Heat intolerance

Answer 40

1. Hypo 2. Hyper

Question 41

# Hypothyroidism vs. Hyperthyroidism 1. Puffy or bulging eyes 2. Puffy face

Answer 41

1. Hyper 2. Hypo

Question 42

# Hypothyroidism vs. Hyperthyroidism 1. Fatigue 2. Insomia

Answer 42

1. Both 2. Both

Question 43

# Hypothyroidism vs. Hyperthyroidism 1. Hair loss 2. Hair growth

Answer 43

1. Both 2. None

Question 44

# Hypothyroidism vs. Hyperthyroidism 1. Decreased sweating 2. Increased sweating

Answer 44

1. Hypo 2. Hyper

Question 45

# Hypothyroidism vs. Hyperthyroidism 1. Depression & irritability 2. Nervousness & anxiety

Answer 45

1. Hypo 2. Hyper

Question 46

# Hypothyroidism vs. Hyperthyroidism 1. Nail thickening & flaking 2. Brittle nails

Answer 46

1. Hyper 2. Hypo

Question 47

# Hypothyroidism vs. Hyperthyroidism 1. Constipation 2. Diarrhea

Answer 47

1. Hypo 2. Hyper

Question 48

# Hypothyroidism vs. Hyperthyroidism 1. Weight loss or gain 2. Weight gain only

Answer 48

1. Hyper 2. Hypo

Question 49

# Hypothyroidism vs. Hyperthyroidism 1. Short & light periods 2. Irregular & heavy periods

Answer 49

1. Hyper 2. Hypo

Question 50

# Hypothyroidism vs. Hyperthyroidism 1. Slow heart rate 2. Racing heart

Answer 50

1. Hypo 2. Hyper

Question 51

# Hypothyroidism vs. Hyperthyroidism 1. Muscle weakness 2. Muscle or joint pain

Answer 51

1. Hyper 2. Hypo

Question 52

# Modified T/F: 1. Hyperthyroidism refers to the hyperactivity of the thyroid gland 2. It causes enlarged thyroid

Answer 52

TT

Question 53

# Modified T/F A. Hyperthyroidism decreases secretion of Thyroxine B. There's also decrease in metabolic processes

Answer 53

FF ## Footnote A. increased secretion of Thyroxine B. Increase metabolic processes

Question 54

What are the 2 red flags in Hyperthyroidism?

Answer 54

1. Exercise intolerance 2. Fatigue (hypermetabolic state)

Question 55

# T/F S/sx of Hyperthyroidism includes nervousness, hyperreflexia, tremor, hunger, weight loss, fatigue, heat intolerance, palpitations, tachycardia, diarrhea

Answer 55

True

Question 56

# Hyperthyroidism: Grave's disease vs. Thyroid storm Life threatening health condition associated with untreated hyperthyroidism

Answer 56

Thyroid storm

Question 57

# Hyperthyroidism: Grave's disease vs. Thyroid storm Increased HR, BP, & body temp which can increase to dangerously high levels

Answer 57

Thyroid storm

Question 58

# Hyperthyroidism: Grave's disease vs. Thyroid storm autoimmune disorder that results in overproduction of Thyroid hormone

Answer 58

Grave's diseases

Question 59

# Hyperthyroidism: Grave's disease vs. Thyroid storm Have bulging eyes

Answer 59

Grave's diseases

Question 60

# Hyperthyroidism: Grave's disease vs. Thyroid storm Fatal without prompt aggressive treatment

Answer 60

Thyroid storm

Question 61

# T/F Red Flags of Hyperthyroidism include exercise intolerance, weakness, apathy, exercise induced myalgia, and reduced cardiac output

Answer 61

False ## Footnote These are red flags of Hypothyroidism

Question 62

# T/F S/sx of Hypothyroidism include Weight gain, mental & physical lethargy, dry skin & hair, low BP, constipation, intolerance to cold, Goiter

Answer 62

True

Question 63

# T/F Hypothyrodism may lead to death

Answer 63

True

Question 64

# Hypothyrodism: Increased or Decreased? 1. thyroid gland activity 2. body function 3. thyroid releasing horomes 4. antithyroid medications

Answer 64

All are decreased in HYPOthyrodism except for antithyroid medications

Question 65

What is correct regarding Hashimoto's disease? a) Hashimoto's disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes the thyroid gland to become overactive, leading to hyperthyroidism. b) Hashimoto's disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes inflammation of the thyroid gland, leading to hypothyroidism. c) Hashimoto's disease is a bacterial infection of the thyroid gland, resulting in hypothyroidism. d) Hashimoto's disease is a genetic disorder characterized by the absence of the thyroid gland, causing hypothyroidism.

Answer 65

b) Hashimoto's disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes inflammation of the thyroid gland, leading to hypothyroidism.

Question 66

Which of the following signs or symptoms are associated with Hashimoto's disease? A) Muscle weakness B) Excessive sweating C) Rapid heartbeat D) Brittle nails

Answer 66

D) Brittle nails

Question 67

Which of the following signs or symptoms is not typically associated with Hashimoto's disease? A) Brain fog B) Goiter C) Fatigue D) Diarrhea

Answer 67

D) Diarrhea ## Footnote Should be constipation

Question 68

# T/F Hashimoto's disease presents symptoms such as menstrual changes and dry skin

Answer 68

True