S2L4: Cancer Rehabilitation Flashcards
(296 cards)
1
Q
Patients with CA live longer due to:
A. Late detection
B. A limited selection of treatment options
C. Better medical management
D. All of the above
A
C
Early detection
A broad selection of treatment options
2
Q
2nd leading cause of death in the US and the Philippines
A
ca
3
Q
ca is 2nd leading cause of death where (2)
A
US and the Philippines
4
Q
Most common cancers include:
A
Breast,
lung,
colorectal,
liver, and
prostate
5
Q
_ of every_Filipinos are afflicted with cancer
A
189, 100K
6
Q
ca is the _ most common cause of _
A
13th, self-reported disability
7
Q
TorF Throughout the years, detection and treatment
of cancer has already progressed; many survived
A
T
8
Q
Patients diagnosed with cancer tend to live shorter now than before
TorF
A
F, LONGER
9
Q
Rehabilitation goals are:
A
○ Restorative
○ Supportive
○ Preventive
○ Palliative
10
Q
goals THAT are for chronic or life-limiting illnesses
A
Supportive and Palliative
11
Q
rehab goal: aim to return patients to a previous level of function
A
restorative
12
Q
rehab goal: attempt to prevent avoidable deterioration in function
related to disease or treatment process (e.g., weakening, LOM)
A
preventive
13
Q
rehab goal: focus on maximizing functioning, independence
and participation in meaningful activities alongside disability
A
supportive
14
Q
rehab goal: involve supporting people to adapt to and
come to terms with irreversible changes in function
and associated losses or to ‘habilitate’ to their new reality
A
palliative
15
Q
rehab goal: (e.g., can’t walk causing further
frustration or tiredness; can give w/c)
A
palliative
16
Q
rehab goal: Patient has good potential to regain
sufficient strength and balance to transfer independently
A
restorative
17
Q
rehab goal: Patient is at risk of deconditioning and
further weakness arising from inactivity
A
preventive
18
Q
rehab goal: Patient is unable to manage the stairs and
will not regain this level of function
A
palliative
19
Q
rehab goal: Patient has insufficient balance to walk
to toilet independently but is safe with support of a walking aid
A
supportive
20
Q
rehab goal: Give AD or balance exercises
to prevent or lessen the risk of falls
A
supportive
21
Q
what percent of ALL cancers occur in people >/= 65 years old
A
60%
22
Q
60% of ALL cancers occur in people_
A
> /= 65 years old
23
Q
Cancer is not in our genes TorF
A
F
24
Q
As we grow old, there is a higher chance to
activate these cancer cells TorF
A
T
25
Relative survival in 1950
35%
26
Relative survival in 1975-1977
51%
27
Relative survival in 1996-2002
66%
28
CA with high survival rates
breast prostate
29
A medically-based, exercise intervention for cancer survivors
PHYSICAL REHAB FOR CANCER
30
Exercises are composed of _ and _ training
resistance, aerobic
31
Trainers role is to:
○ Help navigate patient to exercise programs
○ Help learn how to use the equipment properly,
do different set-ups
○ Monitor their heart rate to ensure patients that
they are exercising at a safe range that will still improve cardiac health, more endurance and
higher fitness level
○ Ensure that patients will perform the exercise
properly
32
Cancer patients can be more functional prior to the
program TorF
F, less functional
33
They can be very apprehensive at first TorF
T
34
We can use _ to see if the
patient can perform moderately difficult exercises,
and monitor the amount of intensity they exhibit
Borg’s scale (RPE Scale)
35
scale used in classifying functional impairments or
perforamnce status in serious illness
KARNOFSKY SCALE
36
KARNOFSKY SCALE progressions
mild, mod , severe
37
mild progression scores:
80, 90, 100
38
mod progression scores:
50, 60, 70
39
severe progression scores:
0, 10, 20, 30, 40
40
Able to carry on normal activity and to
work; no special care
needed: what progression in the scale?
mild
41
Unable to care for self; requires equivalent
of institutional or hospital care; disease
may be progressing rapidly: what progression in the scale
severe
42
Unable to work; able to live at home and care
for most personal needs; varying amount of assistance needed:
what progression
Moderate
43
Normal; no complaints; no evidence of disease: what score
mild, 100
44
Normal activity with effort; some signs or symptoms of disease
mild, 80
45
Cares for self; unable to carry on normal activity or do active work
mod, 70
46
Able to carry on normal activity; minor signs or symptoms of disease
mild, 90
47
Requires considerable assistance and frequent medical care
mod, 50
48
Death
severe, 0
49
Severely disabled; hospital admission is
indicated; death not imminent
severe, 30
50
Moribund; fatal processes progressing rapidly
severe, 10
51
Requires occasional assistance; able to care for most
personal needs
mod, 60
52
disabled; requires special care and assistance
severe, 40
53
very sick; hospital admission necessary;
active supportive treatment necessary
severe, 20
54
karnofsky scale used by _ and _
doctors and nurses
55
To be more accurate, what scale is used?
Australia-modified Karnofsky Performance Status (AKPS)
56
Totally bedfast and requiring extensive
nursing care by professionals and/or family
20
57
Normal; no complaints; no evidence of disease
100
58
Comatose or barely rousable
10
59
Cares for self; unable to carry on
normal activity or to do active work
70
60
Almost completely bedfast
30
61
Able to carry on normal activity; minor sign of symptoms of disease
90
62
Normal activity with effort; some signs or symptoms of disease
80
63
In bed more than 50% of the time
40
64
Able to care for most needs; but requires occasional assistance
60
65
Considerable assistance and frequent medical care required
50
66
Non ca patietn improve more than ca pts in terms
of functional gains from in pt rehab TorF
F. CA = Non CA patients
67
Improvement in regular pts can be expected
from those c cancer as well TorF
T
68
Functional improvements gained
from inpatient rehab is maintained _ after D/C
3 months
69
Once we see initial improvement, we cannot
expect to see improvement for at least 3 months after discharge
TorF
F, we CAN expect
70
what has no adverse effect on rehab outcomes?
Chemotherapy,
radiation therapy and
specific tumor type
71
Regardless if pt is under chemotherapy or not,
it is still ideal that they are doing exercises. TorF
T
72
Same improvement for all, normally an improve in_
inc VO2Max
73
VO2Max can be an indicator of lifespan TorF
T
74
CA has greater incidence of transfer back to acute
care from rehab TorF
T
75
Risk factors for transfers of ca pts:
Low albumin,
elevated creatinine,
use of feeding tube or indwelling catheter
76
Pts who are undergoing treatment have a
lower chance of returning to acute care TorF
F, HIGHER CHANCE
77
rehab priorities during initial dx:
Detect and manage acute morbidity from cancer treatments
Address worsening of premorbid physical impairments
78
rehab priorities during surveillance:
Physically recondition
Detect and address delayed cancer treatment toxicities
Promote reentry into vocational , social, and family roles
79
Pts are usually weak especially with _
progressive
cancer
80
Leading cause for those who had undergone
treatment is _
cardiotoxicity
81
Quality of life would greatly depend on their _
function
82
what Comes mainly after a comprehensive assessment
Addressing worsening of premorbid physical impairments
83
rehab priorities during recurrence:
Screen for cancer treatment toxicities, given the increased risk
Proactively manage early-stage impairments
84
○ Assess changes in function
○ Frequent re-eval especially if change
in function is observed
where is this in rehab priorities?
recurrence
85
rehab priorities during temporization:
● Control symptoms
● Prevent and proactively address disablement (caused by the disease itself)
86
rehab priorities during palliation:
● Preserve community integration
● Support and educate caregivers/family members
● Maintain functional autonomy as feasible
87
Quote from proponent of modern palliative care :
“Goal is to enable patients to live as actively as
possible”
88
Just because prognosis is poor, it doesn't
mean that we would not try to help them TorF
T
89
is not a
contraindication to inpatient rehab if functional gains
are to be expected
Poor expected long term survival
90
Functional gains of patients who are in the advanced
stage of the disease should include _
family/caregiver training
91
highest 5 yr survival local
prostate
92
highest 5 yr survival regional
prostate
93
highest 5 yr survival distant
pharynx and oral cavity
94
lowest 5 yr survival local
pancreas
95
lowest 5 yr survival regional
pancreas
96
lowest 5 yr survival distant
pancreas
97
Common Sites of Metastatic spread for: lung and bronchus
Brain, bone, liver, mediastinal lymph nodes
98
Common Sites of Metastatic spread for: breast
Brain, lung, bone, liver
99
Common Sites of Metastatic spread for: prostate
Bone, pelvic lymph nodes
100
Common Sites of Metastatic spread for: colon and rectum
Liver, lung
101
Common Sites of Metastatic spread for: ovary
Peritoneum, pleura
102
Common Sites of Metastatic spread for: uterine cervix
Peritoneum, lung, retroperitoneal lymph nodes
103
Common Sites of Metastatic spread for: uterine corpus
Retroperitoneal lymph nodes, lung
104
Common Sites of Metastatic spread for: pharynx and oiral cavity
Lung, regional lymph nodes
105
Common Sites of Metastatic spread for: melanoma
Brain
106
Common Sites of Metastatic spread for: stomach
Liver, lung, peritoneum
107
Common Sites of Metastatic spread for: esophagus
Liver, lung
108
Common Sites of Metastatic spread for: pancreas
liver
109
Common Sites of Metastatic spread for: urinary bladder
Bone, intraperitoneal
110
Local means in
one organ
111
Regional means
spreads around one organ
112
Distal means
evident metastasis to other organs
113
When metastasis occurs, Five Year Survival rate
_ significantly.
decreases
114
have a high five-year survival
rate if cancer does not metastasize.
Breast cancer patients
115
have a higher five-year survival rate than breast cancer patients.
Prostate cancer patients
116
Prostate cancer develops in _ patients
geriatric
117
This cancer has a very good prognosis, and patients
will more likely die due to aging than the complications
and effects of cancer.
Prostate cancer
118
Addresses musculoskeletal problems
(lymphedema, contracture, pain, mobility, ADLs, self-care)
OUTPATIENT REHABILITATION
119
one of the most prominent side effects from chemotherapy,
exercising can help increase your energy levels.
Cancer related fatigue
120
is more of a chronic disease these days than a death sentence.
Cancer
121
is really important for your patients whether it would be
building their endurance again or just in general conditioning
Exercise
122
PRECAUTIONS (9)
Hematologic profile
Metastatic bone disease
Compression of a hollow viscous vessel or spinal cord
Fluid accommodation in the pleura, pericardium, abdomen or retroperitoneum
CNS depression or coma
Hypo/hyperkalemia, hyponatremia or hypo/hypercalcemia
Orthostatic Hypotension
HR > 110 bpm
Fever >101 F / >38C
123
What we look for in hematologic profile is the:
hemoglobin
124
_ = decreased exercise capacity
Lower hemoglobin levels
125
Patients can be fatigued easily if they are _.
anemic
126
Pt are not allowed to carry _ _, also
_ activities due to the risk for
_ _ because of a _ in
the bone which makes it weaker.
heavy weights, high-intensity, pathologic fx, tumor
127
Pain medications may help the patient if they
are _, but pain may persist if they move.
immobile
128
Cancer cells metastasize and may impinge the _
spinal cord
129
Thoracic level impingement = _
possible paraplegic pt
130
Results to resistance to movement of cardiovascular
organs which leads to decreased exercise capacity
Fluid accommodation in the pleura, pericardium, abdomen or retroperitoneum
131
As a result of cancer treatment
electroylte imbalance
132
Hypo/hyperkalemia, hyponatremia or hypo/hypercalcemia may be
d/t:
kidney damage
133
If pt has been bed bound for awhile and
suddenly stands up expect __ since they are not
used to upright position
OH
134
Need clearance from MD before participating in
exercise
HR
135
Exercise is not performed in pts with _
since it can cause further increase in HR which
will put the pt a risk
high HR
136
PTs do not treat pts with _ since there is an
infectious process going on
fever
137
Most important if they are undergoing
chemotherapy, as it should not cause a _
fever
138
Stop the patient and consult with the doctor if pt has
fever
139
_ of patients experience pain
60%
140
_ severe pain
25-30%
141
CANCER-RELATED PAIN is _
(+) pain with other associated symptoms -
decreased functional status
142
First line of rx for cancer related pain:
Non-opioid analgesics
143
Opioids example
Morphine
144
There are some hesitations regarding pts
who use _ as it can be addictive
Morphine
145
morphines are
regulated
146
is still used to control immense pain, and
prevent pts from being bedridden (d/t pain) which
can lead to loss of function and decline in QOL
Morphine
147
Timeframe of cancer related pain:
acute,
crescendo,
chronic
148
Crescendo means
increasing pain
149
Pathophysiology of cancer related pain
somatic
visceral
neuropathic
150
Temporal cancer related pain
continuous,
intermittent,
breakthrough
151
even if they are on pain medications, severity of pain increases.
Breakthrough
152
If breakthrough happens, _ such
as drugs will be given
adjunct pain Mx
153
adjunct pain Mx regulated by _ or_
oncologist, palliative care MD
154
Nonpharmacologic pain management approaches
○ Cryotherapy
○ Biofeedback
○ Iontophoresis
○ TENS
○ Massage
○ Relaxation techniques
○ Meditation
○ Art/Music therapy
○ Counseling
○ Aromatherapy
155
There are different theories surrounding pain perception,
but there is only one _ aspect for it.
biological
156
Pain has a _ aspect, and as PTs, it is good to approach
pain Mx using this model.
biopsychosocial
157
helps people control their brain and body’s response to stress
Biofeedback training
158
In clinics, biofeedback training is seen to help
conditions that are _ such as _ or POTS.
dysautonomia, postural
orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
159
_ is the most problematic situations for clinicians
Metastasis to the skeleton
160
3rd most common for systemic metastasis
Skeleton
161
80% of bone metastasis is attributed
to _ _ _ _ _
breast,
lung
prostate,
kidney,
thyroid cancers
162
Bony metastases types
osteolytic
osteoblastic
mixed
163
mas lumalaki/dense ang buto
Osteoblastic
164
nasisira ang buto
Osteolytic
165
Highest rate of osteoclastic activities
lymphoma,
multiple myeloma,
thyroid,
renal cell malignancies
166
Most insidious clinical presentation of bony
metastases
Pain
167
pain in ca is
Insidious,
unrelenting,
not associated with trauma or activity,
present or worse at rest
168
pain is common in the _ and _
thoracic spine
shaft of femur
169
what is associated wth pain?
Weight loss,
point of tenderness over the involved
170
bone scan for pain
Triple phase bone scan
171
Most sensitive in identifying bony metastasis
Triple phase bone scan
172
Patients with localized bone pain, equivocal
scan, or neurologic impairment
MRI
173
When the lesion is osteoclastic
PET Scan
174
Survival Rate (after metastasis)
21-33 months
175
Mx for bony metastatic disease?
Protection,
pain control,
energy conservation,
maintenance of function
176
mx for Protection and pain control
Bracing (prevent fx),
mobility aids (AD),
activity precautions
177
Exercise prescription should focus on:
○ Strength
○ Endurance
○ Function with limited loading or torsion of the
affected bone
178
This is the most frequent nuclear type-imaging study.
3-Phase Bone Imaging
179
It is used to evaluate vascular flow, blood pool
activity, and delayed bone uptake.
3-Phase Bone Imaging
180
3 phase bone scan type of imaging evaluates for _ or
bone infection vs. cellulitis or soft tissue infection
vs. stress fx vs infected joint.
osteomyelitis
181
Great challenge for PTs, as pts may not meet
high levels of exercise, or at least moderate physical activity
CANCER-RELATED FATIGUE
182
cancer related fatigue may be d/t
May be d/t cancer treatment
183
cancer related fatigue is _ when it persists, occurs during our
usual activities, and does not respond to _
pathological, rest
184
is central goal of rehabilitation for ca related fatigue
Assessment and Rx
185
Used of mild/moderate/severe based on a 0-10 likert
scale
CANCER-RELATED FATIGUE
186
mild in likert scale
1 to 3
187
moderate
4 to 6
188
severe
7 to 10
189
omt for cancer related fatigue?
FACIT Fatigue Scale
190
Measures how much a patient’s ADLs are
affected by their fatigue
FACIT Fatigue Scale
191
Higher score of facit means_
better QOL
192
Most common associated factors: for cancer related fatigue?
Pain
Emotional distress,
sleep disturbance,
anemia,
nutritional deficiencies,
deconditioning,
medical comorbidities
193
mx for cancer related fatigueL
Strengthening
endurance programs,
nutritional management,
sleep optimization
194
Reversible sources of cancer fatigue
Anemia
Insomnia or lack of restorative sleep
Cytokine release (e.g. tumor necrosis factor)
Hypothyroidism
Hypogonadism
Depression
Deconditioning
Steroid myopathy
Centrally acting medications
Altered oxidative capacity
Pain
Adrenal insufficiency
Cachexia
195
insomnia causes _
easy fatigability
196
Cytokine release d/t
chemical build up in the body
197
chemical build up in the body can be excreted by _ or
controlled by _
kidneys, medication
198
when cv endurance improves, what increases
VO2max increases
199
_ has been associated with increased risk of death for cancer
Obesity
200
OW and obesity account for _% cancer deaths in men
14 percent
201
OW and obesity account for _% of cancer deaths in women
20 percent
202
minimum hours of exercise per week
150 mins per week
203
recommended exercise for ca pts:
30 minutes of moderately vigorous exercise
on 5 or more days of the week
204
_ is the most favored type of aerobic exercise
Cycle ergometry
205
non-WB, easier
Cycle ergometry
206
Precautionary measure is taken with _ patients
thrombocytopenic
207
Unrestricted exercises can be pursued with _
>30-50k
208
Aerobic exercise okay in patients with _
platelets >10-20k
209
Active therapy not advocated with platelet
count _
<10k
210
Patients undergoing chemotherapy can sustain
_
premature cardiac damage
211
heart changes for pts undergoing chemo:
Reduced exercise time,
reduced maximum O2 uptake,
abnormal ST and T wave changes,
exercise induced hypertension
212
"Reduced exercise time,
reduced maximum O2 uptake,
abnormal ST and T wave changes,
exercise induced hypertension"
these can also happen even _ chemotx. this is a _ effect
after, long term
213
Supervised _ and _ program
among _ cancer patients at _% _
weekly for _ weeks: improve strength and endurance
strengthening, aerobic, breast, 40-60%, twice, 21
214
parameters of aerobic that improves endurance:
Aerobic training 3x/week for 15 weeks improves
endurance
215
EXERCISE FOR PATIENTS UNDERGOING
MARROW TRANSPLANT
Supine or sitting exercises well tolerated
216
exercise for pts marrow transplant:
_ exercises with the head of the bed _
supine, elevated
217
Supine exercises with the head of the bed elevated to avoid
_
hypotension
218
exercise for pts marrow transplant:
_ exercises for brief periods to avoid _
Standing, gastroc-soleus tightness
219
more exercises for pts marrrow transplant:
ROM,
aerobic exercise (walking, cycle ergometry),
light resistive exercises,
deep breathing exercises
220
neurologic complication of ca:
METASTATIC BRAIN DISEASE
221
Most common catastrophic neurologic
impairment in the cancer population
METASTATIC BRAIN DISEASE
222
metastatic brain disease occur most frequently with
lung,
breast,
colorectal,
melanoma,
genitourinary
223
percentage of affectation on brain: metastatic brain disease
in the cerebrum__ and in the cerebellum __
85% in the cerebrum, 15% in the cerebellum
224
METASTATIC BRAIN DISEASE sx:
Progressive HA,
hemiparesis,
seizures,
mental status change
225
metastatic brain disease seen thru:
Magnetic resonance imaging
226
Leptomeningeal disease sx:
Back pain,
radiculopathies
cranial nerve dysfunction
mental status changes
227
SPINAL CORD INVOLVEMENT occurs in what percent of all
ca pts
5-14% of all CA patients
228
Most common sources of spinal cord involvement:
metastases from
prostate,
breast,
lung,
kidney,
multiple myeloma
229
Areas of predilection percent in thoracic
70%
230
Areas of predilection percent in lumbar
20%
231
Areas of predilection percent in cervical
10%
232
when there is sc involvment, what is the type of pain?
Progressive, insidious back pain
worse when lying down
233
S/Sx of sc involvement:
Point tenderness,
paresis,
sensory impairment,
upper neuron lesion findings
234
polyneuropathy is _ induced
Chemotherapy-induced
235
Disruption of axoplasmic microtubule transport,
axonal "dying back", has direct effects to the DRG
POLYNEUROPATHY
236
polyneurotpathy is the _ of _ _ _, axonal _, has direct
effects to the _
disruption, axoplasmic microtubule transport, dying back, DRG
237
for polyneuropathy what type of nerves are more affected
Sensory nerves > motor nerves
238
polyneuropathy sx:
Dysesthesias,
sensory loss,
allodynia
239
RADIATION THERAPY SIDE EFFECTS acute:
● Fatigue
● Nausea
● Vomiting
● Anorexia
● Skin erythema
● Desquamation
● Mucositis
● Xerostomia
● Taste loss
● Proctitis
● Cystitis
● Decreased libido
● Sterility
● Amenorrhea
● Hematological
changes
240
Dryness of or inflamed mucosal membrane
Mucositis
241
Dryness of mouth
Xerostomia
242
RADIATION THERAPY SIDE EFFECTS delayed:
● Soft-tissue fibrosis
● Skin atrophy
● Auditory changes
● Pulmonary fibrosis
● GI stricture
● Thyroid dysfunction
● Brain necrosis
● Myelitis
● Plexopathy
● Lymphedema
● Secondary
malignancies
● Osteonecrosis
243
most common malignancies assoc c lymphedema:
Breast cancer
melanoma
gynecological malignancies
lymphoma
244
Since the cancer cells travel along the lymph, it may also
affect the flow of the _
lymphatic circulation
245
torf lymphedema has pain
f, painless
246
painless, gtradual, colorless swelling with heaviness and loss
of limb contour
LYMPHEDEMA
247
lymphedema: _ symptoms, preserve _, maintain function,
decrease the risk of _
reduce, cosmesis, recurring infection
248
lymphedema resolved thru:
Complexion decongestive
therapy (MLD)
249
phases of complexion decongestive therapy:
○ Decongestive phase
○ Maintenance phase
250
As PTs, we do (for lymphedema)
Skin care,
stretching,
soft tissue mobilization to proximal limbs
massage
bandaging
251
More commonly a side effect of treatment
CANCER-RELATED SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION
252
_and _ may interfere
with sexual attractiveness
Physical changes, depression
253
Chemotherapy has adverse
effects in
_ and _ production
spermatogenesis, testosterone
254
Because chemotherapy is not selective.
It affects both cancer cells and healthy cells TorF
T
255
Permanent _ is side effect for women
menopause
256
Diagnoses most likely to affect long term
employment include _ _ _
CNS tumors,
head and neck tumors,
advanced hematologic malignancies
257
long term employment is Highly dependent on the _
type of cancer
258
SPECIFIC TUMORS AND REHABILITATION NEEDS (7)
breast cancer
head and neck cancer
hematologic malignancies
lung ca
GI malignancies
brain tumors
sarcomas of bone and soft tissue
259
Most common malignancy in women
BREAST CANCER
260
what do u call the pain present in breast cancer after surgery?
Post-surgical pain syndrome (post-mastectomy
pain syndrome)
261
Phantom breast pain is also called
Post-surgical pain syndrome (post-mastectomy
pain syndrome)
262
Post-surgical pain syndrome in breast ca:
○ Phantom breast pain
○ incisional allodynia
○ neuroma formation
○ pectoralis muscle pain
○ Intercostal neuropathy
263
mx for breast cancer:
Cutaneous desensitization,
soft tissue mobilization,
stretching,
shoulder ROM,
thermal modalities with caution
264
If cold modalities works on the patient, we must opt
for the:
cold modalities instead of heating modalities
265
Breast cancer-related shoulder dysfunction is d/t:
operation
266
what perectn affected for breast ca related shoulder dyfucntion:
>50% affected
267
most common long term morbidity
Breast cancer-related shoulder dysfunction
268
HEAD AND NECK CANCER type of cell
Squamous cell carcinoma
269
head and neck ca d/t
Alcohol and tobacco use
270
head and neck also causes _ dyfunction
swallowing
271
Swallowing dysfunction causes:
loss of oral intake,
weight loss,
fatigue,
decreased survival
272
Effects of radiation therapy
○ Mucositis
○ Xerostomia
273
HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCIES often produce
fatigue
274
why hematologic malignancies produce fatigue?
because red blood cells are affected
275
Most common pain in hema malignancies:
neuropathic pain
276
hematologic malignancies:
Hodgkin's vs Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
Leukemia
277
LUNG CANCER produce _ and _
fatigue and deconditioning
278
LUNG CANCER type of lung tumor:
Apical lung tumor (Pancoast tumor)
279
lung ca MX:
Pulmonary hygiene and breathing exercises,
coughing exercise
pursed-lip breathing
diaphragmatic breathing
segmental breathing
280
to keep the cough productive for easier expulsion of sputum
coughing exercises
281
done if the patient complains of difficulty in breathing
pursed-lip breathing
282
to preserve lung function
segmental breathing
283
is the 4th most common cancer in the US
Colorectal cancer
284
2nd leading cause of cancer death
GI MALIGNANCIES
285
The only major malignancy equally affecting
males and females
GI MALIGNANCIES
286
_ is the only curative treatment for gi malignancies
Surgery
287
BRAIN TUMORS could be:
benign
malignant
288
are the most common primary malignancies of the bone
Osteosarcoma,
chondrosarcoma,
pediatric Ewing's sarcoma,
malignant fibrous histiocytoma
289
Usually, if these are early detected, the patients are required to
undergo _
amputation
290
Patients with _ usually has a good prognosis if they
undergo amputation and treatment
Pediatric Ewing’s Sarcoma
291
Most common malignancy in men
PROSTATE CANCER
292
Has high chance of survival
PROSTATE CANCER
293
True or False: prostate cancer is treatable
t
294
are the most common causes of death in prostate cancer
Bone metastasis
complications of androgen deprivation
295
PROSTATE CANCER may experience _ or _
incontinence or impotence
296
OMTs
australian modified karnofsky performance scale
barthel ADL index
FACIT
zarit caregiver burden assessment instruments
