S2L1: Infectious Diseases

Question 1

True or False: Patients may be confined to the hospital setting with an infectious disease process or may develop one caused by the hospital environment

Answer 1

True

Question 2

True or False: A basic understanding of these infectious disease processes is useful in designing, implementing, and modifying physical therapy treatment programs

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Highly specific protein that is manufactured in response to antigens and defends against subsequent infection

Answer 3

Antibody

Question 4

Agent that is capable of producing antibodies when introduced into a body of a susceptible person

Answer 4

Antigen

Question 5

The ability of an infective organism to be transmitted from person to person, either directly or indirectly

Answer 5

Communicable

Question 6

Localized or systemic condition resulting from an adverse reaction to the presence of an infectious agent(s) or its toxin(s); there must be no evidence that the infection was present or incubating at the time of admission to the acute care setting

Answer 6

Health Care Associated Infection (HAI)

Question 7

An immune system that is incapable of a normal response pathogenic organisms and tissue damage

Answer 7

Immunocompromised

Question 8

Decreased or compromised ability to respond to antigenic stimuli by appropriate cellular immunity reaction

Answer 8

Immunodeficiency

Question 9

The prevention or diminution of the immune response, as by drugs or radiation

Answer 9

Immunosuppression

Question 10

Infection acquired in the hospital setting; note that this has been replaced by the term HAI (see above)

Answer 10

Nosocomial Infection

Question 11

An infectious process that develops in immunosuppressed individuals

Answer 11

Opportunistic

Question 12

A disease or condition n that does not produce clinical symptoms, or the period before the appearance of disease specific symptoms

Answer 12

Subclinical Infection

Question 13

True or False: Opportunistic infections normally develop in individuals with intact immune systems

Answer 13

False

Opportunistic infections normally do not develop in individuals with intact immune systems

Question 14

Give at least 3 Factors that affect the Immune System

Answer 14

Pregnancy
Pre Existing infections
Malignancies
Stress
Malnutrition
Age
Chronic diseases
Lymph node dissection
Immunosuppressive treatment
Indwelling lines & tubes

Question 15

Modified True or False: The standard precaution to prevent infections is to wash hands before and after each patient contact. Wear the same set of gloves with each patient.

a. The first statement is True, the last statement is False.
b. The second statement is True, the first statement is False.
c. Both statements are True
d. Both statements are False

Answer 15

A

Wear a different set of gloves with each patient.

Question 16

Modified True or False: Equipment or items in the patient environment likely to have been contaminated with infectious body fluids must be handled in a manner to prevent transmission of infectious agents. Wear gloves for direct contact, contain heavily soiled equipment, properly clean & disinfect or sterilize reusable equipment before use to another patient

a. The first statement is True, the last statement is False.
b. The second statement is True, the first statement is False.
c. Both statements are True
d. Both statements are False

Answer 16

C

Question 17

Modified True or False: A respirator (preferable) or mask is required in situations in which contagious pathogens can be transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei, which can stay in the air for more than an hour and can travel >2 feet because of their small size (<5µm). The preferred placement for patients who require Airborne Precautions is in an airborne infection isolation room (AIIR) which is a single-patient room that is equipped with special air handling & ventilation capacity (e.g. negative pressure)

a. The first statement is True, the last statement is False.
b. The second statement is True, the first statement is False.
c. Both statements are True
d. Both statements are False

Answer 17

B

can travel >10 feet because of their small size (<5µm)

Question 18

Modified True or False: A mask or face shield, or both, are required when small-particle (<2 µm in size) droplet transmission. Droplets can be generated from coughing, sneezing, and talking.

a. The first statement is True, the last statement is False.
b. The second statement is True, the first statement is False.
c. Both statements are True
d. Both statements are False

Answer 18

B

large-particle (>5 µm in size) droplet transmission (usually 3 it or less) is likely

Question 19

Modified True or False: Spatial separation of ≥3 feet and drawing the curtain between patient beds is especially important for patients in multi-bed rooms. Healthcare personnel should wear a mask (a respirator is necessary) for far contact with infectious patients, and the mask generally donned upon room entry.

a. The first statement is True, the last statement is False.
b. The second statement is True, the first statement is False.
c. Both statements are True
d. Both statements are False

Answer 19

A

A respirator is not necessary, close contact

Question 20

Modified True or False: Gown and gloves are required when pathologies are transmitted by direct person-to-person contact, or person-to-object contact. It is important to use non-disposable or dedicated patient-care equipment (e.g., gait belt), and don PPE upon room entry

a. The first statement is True, the last statement is False.
b. The second statement is True, the first statement is False.
c. Both statements are True
d. Both statements are False

Answer 20

A

use disposable

Question 21

True or False: Patients on Contact Precautions who must be transported outside of the room should have the infected or colonized areas of patient’s body exposed

Answer 21

False

should have the infected or colonized areas of patient’s body covered or contained

Question 22

Due to inappropriate antibiotic use in healthcare institutions and hospitals

Answer 22

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT INFECTIONS

Question 23

1. At least one agent in three or more antimicrobial categories
2. At least one agent in all but two or fewer categories
3. Nonsusceptibility to all agents in all microbial categories

a. Pandrug-resistant (PDR)
b. Extensively drug-resistant (XDR)
c. Multidrug-resistant (MDR)

Answer 23

1. C
2. B
3. A

Question 24

Give 3 examples of ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT INFECTIONS

Answer 24

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus (MRSA)
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus (VRE)
Multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRAB)

Question 25

Rubbing Alcohol is the best method to remove pathogens, including highly contagious (e.g., norovirus, Clostridium difficile spores), from your hands. If soap and water are not available, use an alcohol based hand sanitizer that contains at least 20% alcohol (continue to rub the sanitizer over all hand and finger surfaces until dry) a. The first statement is True, the last statement is False. b. The second statement is True, the first statement is False. c. Both statements are True d. Both statements are False

Answer 25

D Hand washing with soap and water 60% alcohol

Question 26

Arrange the ff. in order a. Wet your hands with clean running water (warm or cold), and apply soap. b. Rinse your hand well under running water (stool-contaminated norovirus hands should be rinsed for at least 20 seconds). c. Lather your hands by rubbing them together with the soap. Be sure to lather the backs of your hands, between your fingers, and under your nails. d. Dry your hands using a clean disposable towel, or air dry them e. Scrub your hands for at least 20 seconds (as previously mentioned, some pathogens, such as norovirus, require a longer time [at least 60 seconds] to remove stool contamination from hands).

Answer 26

1. A 2. C 3. E 4. B 5. D