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(3) PT in Special Conditions > S1L2: Burns > Flashcards

S1L2: Burns Flashcards

1
Q

The common deformity of the hand after burn injuries is in the claw hand position or intrinsic plus.
a. True
b. False

A

b. False

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2
Q

Significant factors involving mortality involvement of the head, upper extremity, and the perineum.
a. True
b. False

A

b. False

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3
Q

The free nerve endings that are found only in the dermis, convey the sensation of pain and itch to the brain.
a. True
b. False

A

b. False

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4
Q

Inhalation injuries are the most devastating type of burns.
a. True
b. False

A

b. False

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5
Q

In electrical burns, PNS and CNS problems may occur
immediately after injury.
a. True
b. False

A

b. False

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6
Q

In chemical burns, acidic products usually cause more damage compared to alkali products.
a. True
b. False

A

b. False

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7
Q

Complete healing of superficial thickness burns occurs in 7 to 10 days.
a. True
b. False

A

a. True

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8
Q

The most common cause of burns in children 1 to 5 years of age is scalding from hot liquids
a. True
b. False

A

a. True

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9
Q

The tissue with the least resistance to electricity is the blood as it is made up of water.
a. True
b. False

A

b. False

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10
Q

Inhalation injuries are called carbon monoxide poisoning, heat injuries, or smoke inhalation injuries.
a. True
b. False

A

a. True

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11
Q

EPIDEMIOLOGY

Most common cause of burns:
○ Children (1 - 5 y.o.) -
○ Adolescent & Adults -

A

○ Children (1 - 5 y.o.) - scalds from hot liquids
○ Adolescent & Adults - accidents from hot liquids

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12
Q

EPIDEMIOLOGY

Highest injury is found in (gender) between (age)

A

Males between 16-40

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13
Q

EPIDEMIOLOGY

leading cause
of burns in other age groups

A

Fires in homes & structural dwellings

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14
Q

EPIDEMIOLOGY

[] injury is common cause of death

A

Inhalation injury

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15
Q

EPIDEMIOLOGY

Philippines
Most common cause of death:

A

Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS)

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16
Q

Significant factors associated with mortality included:

% total body surface area (TBSA) : more dangerous if this is, higher or lower?

A

higher

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17
Q

Significant factors associated with mortality included:
1.
2.
3.

A

Head
LE
Perineum

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18
Q

Risk Factors (✅ or ❌)

  1. Placement of old girls in household roles
  2. Poverty, overcrowding, & lack of safety measures
  3. Occupations that increase exposure to fire
  4. Underlying medical conditions including diarrhea,
    fever, physical & cognitive disabilities
  5. Alcohol abuse & Smoking
  6. Lack of access for chemicals used for assault
  7. Adequate safety measures for liquefied petroleum gas & electricity
A
  1. ❌ (young girls)
  2. ✅
  3. ✅
  4. ❌ (epilepsy, peripheral neuropathies, physical & cognitive disabilities)
  5. ✅
    6.❌
    7.❌
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19
Q

Risk factors

Use of [] as a fuel source for non-electric domestic appliances

A

kerosene

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20
Q

Initial Physical Findings
Direct thermal injury
● Generally confined to the [] & []

A

face & upper airway

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21
Q

Initial Physical Findings
Direct thermal injury
Physical findings include [] burns, burned [] hairs, and [] in the nares & mouth

A

Physical findings include facial burns, burned nasal hairs, and soot in the nares & mouth

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22
Q

Initial Physical Findings

Modified T/F:
A. Accrued endobronchial debris & exudate (Bronchial cast) can deposit throughout the subglottic airways & lungs
B. Aerosolized chemicals & incomplete products of combustion contributes to the venti-
lation-perfusion mismatching and secondary infection

A

FF. A - Aerosolized chemicals & incomplete products of combustion; B - Accrued endobronchial debris & exudate (Bronchial cast)

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23
Q

Initial Physical Findings
Modified T/F:
A. Accrued endobronchial debris & exudate (Bronchial Cast) cause the obstruction of distal airways
B. Aerosolized chemicals & incomplete products of combustion severity depends on both the agents & particle sizes inhaled

A

TT

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24
Q

Aerosolized chemicals & incomplete products of combustion are seen in []

A

Bronchoscopic View

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25
Q

T/F: In Bronchoscopic View, findings include mucosal irritation, pallor,
ulceration, & carbonaceous debris

A

True

26
Q

Initial Physical Findings

Modified T/F:
A. Anoxia, carbon monoxide, cyanide effects, local & systemic inflammation, airway obstruction,
& infection contribute to morbidity & mortality in patients with inhalation injury
B. These effects are more marked in those with small subcutaneous burns

A

TF - B. These effects are more marked in
those with large cutaneous burns

27
Q

Philippines
43% of fires occurred in the first [] mos of the year

A

4

28
Q

Highest incidence occurs at [] to [], which
probably is cause d/t accidents as well

A

12:01-3:00 AM

29
Q

most common cause of fire in the PH

A

Faulty Electrical Wiring & Neglected open flames

30
Q

most commonly affected areas in PH

A

Residential

31
Q

Worst fire in Philippine history

A

Ozone Disco Fire (1996)

32
Q

MOI

Initial part of injury: Alteration of [] integrity →
[] → []

A

Alteration of vascular integrity →
Edema → LOM

33
Q

Skin destruction depend on

Temperature: []the temp → faster degradation of the skin
→ more severe the burn

A

higher temp

34
Q

Skin destruction depend on

Length of time: The [] the pt is in contact with the high temp,
worse the burn is

A

longer

35
Q

Skin Destruction will depend on:

Age: [] & [] pts are at risk for more
tissue destruction

A

very young & very old

36
Q

Modified T/F:

A. Thermal Burns are caused by hot surfaces or hot liquids

B. Scalds, under thermal burns, cause deep dermal or full thickness burns

A

TF: B - Contact cause deep dermal or full thickness burns

37
Q

Modified T/F:
A. Scalds are caused by spilling hot drinks/liquid, hot water in baths
B. Flame is associated with inhalation injury and other concomitant trauma

A

TT

38
Q

Modified T/F:
A. Both flame and contact can cause deep dermal or full thickness burns
B. The depth of heat injury in both types depends on the degree of heat exposure and depth of heat penetration

A

TT

39
Q

Most devastating MOI

A

Electrical burns

40
Q

Modified T/F:
An electric current will travel through the body from one point to another, creating “entry” or “exit” points

A. An Open/entry point refers to body part in contact with the
electric current/wire. An exit point is where the current exits
B. Damage is more extensive on the entry points

A

TF: B - Damage is more extensive on the exit points

41
Q

Electrical burns vary according to (3)

A

Type of current
intensity of current
Area of the body that the current passes through

42
Q

T/F: High frequency alternating current causes more
extensive damage/injury to tissues

A

False - Low frequency alternating current causes more
extensive damage/injury to tissues

43
Q

Ranking of the electrical resistance of various tissues (most resistant to least resistant/least conductive to
most conductive)

Skin
Blood
Muscle
Nerve
Tendon
Bone
Cartilage

A

○ Bone
○ Cartilage
○ Tendon
○ Skin
○ Muscle
○ Blood
○ Nerve

44
Q

Low vs High voltage electrical burns

  1. Exposure to 500-1000 volts of current
  2. Greater than 1000 volts
  3. Side Effects: apnea, deep tissue destruction, renal failure
  4. Ventricular Fibrillation (V Fib)
A
  1. Low
  2. High
  3. High
  4. Low
45
Q

Modified T/F:

A. Flash injury refers to the current passes directly through the body
B. True high tension injury refers to the current does not directly pass through the body but its
current arc can still injure the patient

A

FF -
True high tension injury: the current passes directly through the body

Flash injury: the current does not directly pass through the body but its
current arc can still injure the patient

46
Q

Modified T/F:

A. Extensive muscle & soft tissue necrosis often result in
amputation
B. The most common extremity affected is the (L) LE

A

TF: B - (r) UE most common

47
Q

Modified T/F:
A. Lightning can cause Myelopathy & Encephalopathy
B. Ocular complications includes Sensorineural & Mechanical hearing loss

A

TF: B - Ocular complications includes Cataracts & Macular holes → blindness

48
Q

T/F: in a high voltage affectation, PNS & CNS problems may not be present initially but
may occur late after

A

True

49
Q

Cardiac manifestations of Electrical Burns (✅ or ❌)
1. Dysrhythmia
2. Sinus tachycardia
3. Blood clotting
4. Rhabdomyolysis
5. Immediate cardiac arrest

A
  1. ✅
  2. ✅
  3. ❌
  4. ❌
  5. ✅
50
Q

Cardiac manifestations of Electrical Burns (✅ or ❌)
1. Pseudo infarction (affects the muscles of the heart)
2. Myocardial ischemia without necrosis
3. Compartment syndrome
4. Extensive fluid loss
5. Diaphragm paralysis

A
  1. ✅
    2.✅
    3.❌
    4.❌
    5.❌
51
Q

Cardiac manifestations of Electrical Burns (✅ or ❌)
1. Conduction abnormalities
2. Acute hypertension
3. Nonspecific ECG abnormalities

A

all are cardiac manifestations

52
Q

MOI

It usually as a result of an industrial accident and May occur with household chemical products

A

Chemical burns

53
Q

Modified T/F:

A. Acidic products are more injurous than alkali products since they cause irreversible protein & tissue
damage
B. Acidic products cause a severe injury called
liquefactive necrosis, this involves denaturing of the proteins as well as saponification of the adipose tissues

A

FF

A. Alkali products > Acidic products
B. Alkali products cause a severe injury called
liquefactive necrosis

54
Q

MOI:

Classified as carbon monoxide poisoning, heat, or smoke
inhalation injuries. It account for more than half of the burn related deaths per
year

A

Inhalation Injuries

55
Q

T/F: one of the leading causes of death is inhalation injuries

A

True

56
Q

Pathophysiology
Local Response

  1. Decreased tissue perfusion; Goal: Increase perfusion
  2. Occurs at the point of maximum damage; Irreversible tissue loss
  3. Outermost zone; Tissue will recover unless there is severe sepsis

a. Zone of Coagulation
b. Zone of Stasis
c. Zone of Hyperemia

A
  1. B
  2. A
  3. C
57
Q

PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES DURING
HYPERMETABOLIC/HYPERDYNAMIC PHASE OF BURN ([] HRS.)

A

> 48

58
Q

Match the pathophysiological changes

  1. High energy expenditure (↑ O2 consumption
    & ↑ CO2 production)
  2. ↑ SvO2
  3. ↑ Pain response
  4. Bronchospasm, bronchorrhea
  5. ↓ SVR (systemic vascular resistance)

a. Brain
b. Heart & Circulation
c. Lungs
d. Systematic Inflammatory response

A
  1. D
  2. B
  3. A
  4. C
  5. B
59
Q

Match the pathophysiological changes

  1. Insulin resistance - hyperglycemia
  2. Muscle catabolism
  3. Altered mental status
  4. Subclinical myocardial dysfunction
    5.Acute respiratory distress syndrome

a. Brain
b. Heart & Circulation
c. Lungs
d. Systematic Inflammatory response

A
  1. D
    2 D
  2. A
  3. B
  4. C
60
Q

Match the pathophysiological changes

  1. Albuminemia
  2. Immunoparesis
  3. ↑ Glomerular filtration rate
  4. ↓ Tubular function
  5. ↑ Gluconeogenesis

a. Liver
b. Kidney
c. Bone Marrow

A
  1. A
  2. C
  3. B
  4. B
  5. A
61
Q

Match the pathophysiological changes

  1. Altered metabolic function
  2. ↓ Hematopoiesis
  3. Osteoporosis
  4. Anemia
  5. Altered drug clearance
  6. ↓ Coagulation factor

a. Liver
b. Kidney
c. Bone Marrow

A
  1. A
  2. C
  3. C
  4. C
  5. A
  6. A

(3) PT in Special Conditions (40 decks)

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