S3L3: Biopsychosocial Model of Pain, Pain Physiology & Gate Control Theory

Question 1

Modified T/G

A. Traditional model of pain correlates tissue damage to pain sensations
B. It works for both acute and chronic pain

Answer 1

TF

Works for acute pain but doesn’t necessarily expound how it affects chronic pain

Question 2

T/F

Traditional model of pain is unable to explain other examples of pain where no damage could be found

Answer 2

T

Question 3

T/F

In biopsychosocial model, physical factors interact with personal & environmental factors to affect body function & structure, activity, &
participation in life activities aside from the pain itself

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Modified T/F

A. Chronic pain syndrome refers to when pts have developed extensive pain behaviors
B. It is considered to be both a symptom and disease

Answer 4

TF

Can be considered a disease rather than a symptom

Question 5

Modified T/F

A. Chronic pain syndrome has multiple contributing factors & causes
B. Hence, during intervention one should address secondary pathology & perpetuating factors for the pt to recover

Answer 5

TT

Question 6

T/F

Treatment of chronic pain syndrome should address peripheral & central
sensitization, disinhibition, anxiety, catastrophizing, fear avoidance, etc because it affects all aspects of life

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Modified T/F

A. According to the Integrated Biobehavioral approach, chronic pain is primarily nociceptive
B. Mechanical, thermal, chemical, & free nerve endings in the periphery transmit information about noxious stimuli via different nerves

Answer 7

FT

acute pain is primarily nociceptive

Question 8

Modified T/F

A. Different brain areas process different types of pain include SI Somatosensory cortex for recognition, learning, & memory of pain events
B. It also includes SII somatosensory cortex for sensory discriminatory aspect of pain

Answer 8

FF

SI Somatosensory Cortex
■ Sensory discriminatory aspect of pain

SII Somatosensory Cortex
■ Recognition, learning, & memory of pain events

Question 9

Modified T/F

A. Anterior cingulate cortex processes pain & unpleasantness
B. Posterior cingulate cortex contributes to affect, cognition, & response selection

Answer 9

TF

B also refers to anterior cingulate cortex

Question 10

Modified T/F

A. Insula mediates somatic responses to noxious
stimulation
B. It also processes the affective component of pain related to memory & learning

Answer 10

FT

Mediates autonomic responses to noxious
stimulation

Question 11

Modified T/F

A. Pain neuromatrix is a complex network of synaptic links initially determined by sensory inputs
B. Synaptic links are modified by psychological inputs both before & during the pain experience and genetics as well

Answer 11

FF

A. Complex network of synaptic links initially determined by genetics
B. Synaptic links are modified by psychological & sensory inputs both before & during the pain experience

Question 12

T/F

According to the integrated biobehavioral approach, pain is a complex web of interactions modulated by both current & previous physical & psychological states

Answer 12

False

According to pain neuromatrix

Question 13

Modified T/F

A. Gate control theory is proposed by Melzack & Wall
B. It discuss how a non-painful stimulus can decrease the perception of pain

Answer 13

TT

Question 14

Which physiological mechanism assists wounded athletes and soldiers in pushing through physical exertion without experiencing the sensation of pain?

Answer 14

Descending control

Question 15

How is the Gate Control Theory modulated within the nervous system, particularly through which neurotransmitter and neural connections?

Answer 15

mediated norepinephrine & **descending
noradrenergic **connections

Question 16

Which anatomical structure is primarily associated with dorsal inhibitory pathways?

A) Ventral horn
B) Lateral corticospinal tract
C) Dorsal root ganglion
D) Dorsal funiculus

Answer 16

D) Dorsal funiculus

Question 17

Which neurotransmitter is typically NOT secreted by dorsal inhibitory pathways in the dorsal horn?

A) Noradrenaline
B) Acetylcholine
C) Serotonin
D) Dopamine

Answer 17

D) Dopamine

■ Noradrenaline
■ Acetylcholine
■ Serotonin
■ Glycine

Question 18

Modified T/F

A. Descending inhibitory factors modify activity of the pain pathways in all levels of the nervous system.
B. Opioid sensitivity can be reversed by naloxone (opioid antagonist)

Answer 18

TT

Question 19

T/F

Placebo, antidepressants, and anticonvulsants all modulate pain through enhancing descending inhibition

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Which of the following structures is NOT typically involved in the descending inhibitory factors of the brain, based on the given information?

A) Hippocampus
B) Amygdala
C) Periaqueductal grey area (PAG)
D) Rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM)
E) A & D

Answer 20

A) Hippocampus

○ Hypothalamus
○ Amygdala
○ Periaqueductal grey area (PAG)
○ Rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM)

Question 21

Which brain structure is NOT typically associated with mediating the nocebo effect?
A) Caudal anterior cingulate cortex
B) Head of the caudate
C) Cerebrum
D) Contralateral cuneiform nucleus

Answer 21

C) Cerebrum

Question 22

Among the listed brain regions, which one plays a key role in mediating the nocebo effect?
A) Caudal anterior cingulate cortex
B) Body of the caudate
C) Cerebrum
D) Ipsilateral cuneiform nucleus

Answer 22

A) Caudal anterior cingulate cortex