05/12/2023 Notes

Question 1

What is a characteristic of all mammals?

Answer 1

Hair

Question 2

What is another name for hair?

Answer 2

Pili

Question 3

What body regions is hair not found?

Answer 3

Side and soles of feet, lips, sides of fingers and toes, and portions of external genitalia

Question 4

What skin layer is hair produced?

Answer 4

Epidermal

Question 5

What is a hair follicle?

Answer 5

Tube that surrounds the hair

Question 6

What are the three zones of hair?

Answer 6

Hair bulb, shaft, and root

Question 7

Tiny clusters of dermal nerves and blood vessels help the stratum basale cells of what?

Answer 7

Hair bulb

Question 8

What happens to hair cells as they divide in the root?

Answer 8

They are pushed upwards, keratinize, and die

Question 9

What are arrector pili muscles?

Answer 9

Thin ribbons of smooth muscle extending from dermal papillae to hair follicle

Question 10

What muscles are responsible for goosebumps?

Answer 10

Arrector Pili Muscles

Question 11

What are the 6 functions of hair?

Answer 11

Protection, heat retention, facial expression, sensory reception, visual identification, and chemical signal dispersion

Question 12

What do nose and ear hairs do?

Answer 12

Prevents insects from entering the body through nose and ear

Question 13

Is heat retention applicable to everybody?

Answer 13

No, only to those with a full head of hair or a beard

Question 14

What is useful in facial expression?

Answer 14

Eyebrows

Question 15

How does hair detect light touch?

Answer 15

Hair contains numerous touch receptors that aid in sensory reception

Question 16

How does hair aid in visual identification?

Answer 16

Different hair characteristics can help identify individuals, age, and sex

Question 17

What organ detects pheromones?

Answer 17

Vomeronasal organ

Question 18

What body regions secrete pheromones?

Answer 18

Axillary and pubic regions

Question 19

How is hair color determined?

Answer 19

By the amount and type of pigment produced in stratum basale

Question 20

More melanin creates what hair color?

Answer 20

Darker hair colors

Question 21

What is responsible for red hair in gingers?

Answer 21

Iron pigment

Question 22

What hair color results from reduced melanin?

Answer 22

Grey hair colors

Question 23

Why do people get white hair?

Answer 23

Complete lack of melanin in the hair

Question 24

Are all hair follicles active?

Answer 24

No

Question 25

What are seven reasons that causes hair loss?

Answer 25

Dietary deficiencies, high fever, radiation, drugs, genetics, changes in hormonal levels, or aging

Question 26

What contributes to male pattern baldness?

Answer 26

Low levels of testosterone

Question 27

All glands originate where?

Answer 27

In the epidermis

Question 28

Exocrine glands secrete their product where?

Answer 28

To the outside of the body

Question 29

What is another name for sudoriferous glands?

Answer 29

Sweat glands

Question 30

Sweat glands do what?

Answer 30

Aid in elimination of body products and regulate body temperature

Question 31

How does sweat prevent the growth of dangerous microorganisms and microbes?

Answer 31

Produce inhibitory chemicals

Question 32

What are mammary glands?

Answer 32

Specialized sudoriferous glands that produce milk

Question 33

What produces cerumen (ear wax)?

Answer 33

Ceruminous glands in the ear

Question 34

What is another name for oil glands?

Answer 34

Sebaceous glands

Question 35

What does sebum do?

Answer 35

Keeps the hair and skin supple

Question 36

What product found in sheep is added to lotion?

Answer 36

Lanolin

Question 37

What causes burns?

Answer 37

Heat, radiation, chemicals, or electricity

Question 38

What blocks the escape of blood in an open wound?

Answer 38

Clots

Question 39

Scabs do what?

Answer 39

Cover and protect the damaged area of a wound

Question 40

What forms granulation tissue (scar tissue)?

Answer 40

Fibroblasts

Question 41

What is regeneration?

Answer 41

Replacement of damaged or dead cells with the same cell type

Question 42

What is fibrosis?

Answer 42

The filling in of a damaged area with scar tissue

Question 43

How is scar tissue different from normal skin?

Answer 43

Contain more dense connective tissue, contain no stratified squamous or epithelial layers, and have no hair follicles or skin glands

Question 44

What is a severe example of scar tissue that appears in genetically predisposed individuals?

Answer 44

Keloid

Question 45

How do sutures reduce scarring?

Answer 45

Sutures bring the separated skin closer to each other and lessens the amount of granulated tissue that forms

Question 46

What does aging in the integument cause?

Answer 46

Thinning skin, sagging, wrinkles, increased susceptibility to infections and skin cancer, drying of the skin, and loss of pigmentation in hair

Question 47

What is a dangerous bacteria that attacks the skin?

Answer 47

Staphylococcus Aureus

Question 48

What two diseases are caused by staphylococcus aureus?

Answer 48

Impetigo and Scalded Skin Syndrome

Question 49

What disease involves the destruction of the stratum granulosum?

Answer 49

Scalded skin syndrome

Question 50

Scalded skin syndrome is often mistaken for what?

Answer 50

Burns

Question 51

What is the highly contagious disease that destroys skin?

Answer 51

Impetigo

Question 52

Why does skin wrinkle and sag in older individuals?

Answer 52

Collagen fibers weaken and elastic fibers lose elasticity

Question 53

What are liver spots?

Answer 53

Spots on the body where melanocytes have increased

Question 54

Why is the reduced production of Vitamin D dangerous?

Answer 54

Reduced absorption of calcium and phosphorous which leads to impaired bone formation and poor muscle function

Question 55

A blistering sunburn increases the risk of what?

Answer 55

Skin cancer