05/17/2023 Notes

Question 1

What are three structures that can be found in the ethmoidal bone?

Answer 1

Ethmoidal sinuses, crista galli, and cribriform plate

Question 2

What is the attachment site for the falx cerebri?

Answer 2

Crista galli

Question 3

The cribriform plate contains foramina for what?

Answer 3

Olfactory nerves (nerves of smell)

Question 4

What deadly disease can occur if the cribriform plate is fractured?

Answer 4

Meningitis

Question 5

Nasal bones are easily _____.

Answer 5

Fractured

Question 6

What facial bones form the bridge of the nose?

Answer 6

Nasal bones

Question 7

Teeth in the maxillae are contained in what?

Answer 7

Alveoli

Question 8

The palatine processes of the maxillae and the palatine bones form what?

Answer 8

The hard palate and the floor of the nasal cavity

Question 9

What is another name for cleft lip?

Answer 9

Harelip

Question 10

Failure of the palatine bones and maxillae to fuse at 10-12 weeks during development results in what?

Answer 10

Cleft lip and/or cleft palate

Question 11

Why are maxillary sinuses prone to chronic sinus infection?

Answer 11

Poor drainage due to a high and medial opening

Question 12

Fracture of the maxillary sinus can result in what two problems?

Answer 12

Crepitus and Blowout fractures

Question 13

What is crepitus?

Answer 13

A crackling sound caused by escape of air under the skin

Question 14

A fracture of the floor of the orbit that causes the eye or eye muscles to drop into the maxillary sinus is called what?

Answer 14

Blowout fracture

Question 15

What facial bone forms the lower jaw?

Answer 15

Mandible

Question 16

Where do dentists inject anesthesia?

Answer 16

Mandibular foramen

Question 17

Why do dentists target the mandibular foramen to inject anesthesia?

Answer 17

To perform a third division nerve block, which numbs one of the three branches of the trigeminal nerve that sends sensation of the gums and teeth of the lower jaw to the brain

Question 18

What is another word for birth?

Answer 18

Partuition

Question 19

Fibrous sutures and fontanelles allow for _____ of the head during birth.

Answer 19

Molding

Question 20

What are the purpose of the 6 large, membranous areas of the skull that provides space between developing bones?

Answer 20

Allow the cranium to expand in growing children

Question 21

What do bulging fontanelles indicate?

Answer 21

Menginitis (increased intracranial pressure)

Question 22

What do sunken soft spots indicate?

Answer 22

Dehydration

Question 23

What age do fontanelles disappear?

Answer 23

15-24 months of age

Question 24

At what age does most skull growth occur?

Answer 24

Age 5

Question 25

Brain growth is _____% complete by age 5.

Answer 25

90-95%

Question 26

Does the skull grow slower than the rest of the bones in the body?

Answer 26

No, the skull grows faster

Question 27

Why do aging people lose their teeth?

Answer 27

Erosion of the alveolar process of the mandible and maxilla

Question 28

At what age does the coronal suture future?

Answer 28

In the late 20s or early 30s

Question 29

What sutures fuse when a person is in their 40s?

Answer 29

Sagittal and lambdoid sutures

Question 30

Do squamosal sutures always fuse?

Answer 30

No, they might fuse in a person's 60s or not at all

Question 31

What are the four curvatures in the vertebral column?

Answer 31

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral

Question 32

Sudden falls and car crashed and put great strain on the cervical vertebrae and cause what?

Answer 32

Whiplash

Question 33

What is an identifying characteristic of the axis (C2)?

Answer 33

Odontoid Process (dens)

Question 34

Trauma to the dens can damage what vital structures?

Answer 34

Spinal cord and potentially the brain

Question 35

The axis allows what movement of the head?

Answer 35

Shaking in a side-to-side motion (indicating no)

Question 36

The coccyx may fuse with _____ in older individuals.

Answer 36

Sacrum

Question 37

How can the coccyx break or be bruised?

Answer 37

Abrupt falls and childbirth

Question 38

What two parts make the intervertebral disks?

Answer 38

Annulus Fibrosus and Nucleus Pulposus

Question 39

What is the annulus fibrosus?

Answer 39

An outer ring of fibrocartilage that protects the nucleus pulposus

Question 40

What is the nucleus pulposus?

Answer 40

An inner gelatinous core of the intervertebral disk

Question 41

Intervertebral discs make up a _____ of the length of the spinal cord

Answer 41

Quarter

Question 42

What functions do intervertebral disks have?

Answer 42

Act as shock absorbers and allows flexibility between vertebrae

Question 43

What is the longest part of the sternum?

Answer 43

Gladiolus

Question 44

What are costal notches?

Answer 44

Attachment sites for ribs 2-7 to the sternum

Question 45

Why is the sternal angle important?

Answer 45

Rib 2 attaches at the sternal angle

Question 46

When does the xiphoid ossify?

Answer 46

Age 40

Question 47

Blunt trauma to the xiphoid process may do what?

Answer 47

Damage the liver or heart

Question 48

What can happen following fracture of the vertebrae?

Answer 48

Paralysis

Question 49

What is flail chest?

Answer 49

When 3+ ribs are fractured in two places, paradoxical motion occurs and may damage the lungs

Question 50

What is spina bifida?

Answer 50

Congenital defect of the vertebral column resulting from a failure of the laminae of vertebrae to fuse which exposes the meninges or spinal cord

Question 51

What part of the spine is usually affected by spina bifida?

Answer 51

Lumbar area

Question 52

How many cases of spina bifida be prevented with proper nutrition and intake of folic acid?

Answer 52

50%

Question 53

What are causes of lower back pain in the lumbar region?

Answer 53

Strained muscles, herniated disks, or dislocation of articular facets

Question 54

What is the most common cause of lower back pain?

Answer 54

Strained muscles

Question 55

How is lower back pain treated?

Answer 55

Bed rest, spinal manipulation by a chiropractor, strengthening of abdominal and back muscles, and surgery

Question 56

Abdominal muscles are the _____ supporting muscles of the lower back

Answer 56

Anterior

Question 57

Muscles of the back are the _____ supporting muscles of the spine

Answer 57

Posterior

Question 58

Rectus Abdominis is an example of what muscle groups?

Answer 58

Abdominal muscles

Question 59

What muscles are an example of the muscles in the lower back that aid in supporting the spine?

Answer 59

Erector spinae muscles