What Component of Speaking is based in the Premotor Area?
Sensorimotor Planning/Programming
What Component of Speaking activates motor neurons?
Neuromuscular Execution
What Component of Speaking creates muscle contractions?
Neuromuscular Execution
What Component of Speaking generates movement?
Neuromuscular Execution
What Component of Speaking generates and regulates subglottal pressure?
Neuromuscular Execution
What Component of Speaking moves the articulators to modulate position, shape, cross-sectional area, constrictions over time?
Neuromuscular Execution
What Component of Speaking creates acoustic output?
Neuromuscular Execution
(Speech)
What Component of Speaking is based in the Motor Cortex?
Neuromuscular Execution
The UMN are _______ whose pathway goes from _________ or _________.
Nerve Tracts
Cortex to Cranial Nerves
Cortex to Spinal Nerves
The LMN are ________. They are either _____ or _____. Their final destination is ______.
Nerves
Cranial (come from brainstem)
Spinal (come from spinal cord)
Muscle
The Corticospinal tract starts with ______.
The motor nuclei in the cortex
Where does the Corticospinal Tract go after it leaves the motor nuclei in the cortex?
Axon pathways for the Corona Radiata
Where does the Corticospinal Tract go after the Corona Radiata?
The fibers consolidate into the Internal Capsule
Where does the Corticospinal Tract go after the Internal Capsule?
The fibers descend to the level of Medulla
Where does the Corticospinal Tract go after the Medulla?
Most will decussate at the Pyramids of the Medulla
Where does the Corticospinal Tract go after it decussates at the Pyramids of the Medulla?
Descends the contralateral spinal cord as either the Lateral or Anterior Horns
Where does the Corticospinal Tract go after it descends the contralateral spinal cord (Lateral/Anterior Horns)?
It synapses on the spinal nerve nuclei (grey matter)
What is the ultimate pathway of the Corticospinal Tract?
From Cortex to Spinal Nerve Nuclei
Where is the Corticobulbar Tract located?
In the brainstem
What is the ultimate pathway of the Corticobulbar Tract?
From the Cortex to the Cranial Nerve Nuclei
Where does the Corticobulbar Tract originate?
With the motor nuclei in the cortex
Where does the Corticobulbar Tract go after it leaves the motor nuclei in the cortex?
To to axon pathways in the Corona Radiata
Where does the Corticobulbar Tract go after it leaves the Corona Radiata?
The fibers consolidate into the Internal Capsule
Where does the Corticobulbar Tract go after it leaves the Internal Capsule?
The fibers descend to the level of the brainstem
What happens once the Corticobulbar Tract reaches the brainstem?
Some fibers decussate but others do not
What happens once some of the fibers of the Corticobulbar Tract have decussated?
They synapse on the Cranial Nerve Nuclei (grey matter)
Are the Corticospinal and Corticobulbar Tracts direct or indirect pathways?
Direct
Where are the UMN nuclei located?
In the cortex
Where are the LMN nuclei located?
In the Brainstem (Cranial Nerves) In the Spinal Cord (Spinal Nerves)
Does the Nervous System tell muscles when to contract relative to other muscles (synergy)?
Yes
