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ANA, BCHM, PHY > 1.10 PHYSIOLOGY - Motor > Flashcards

1.10 PHYSIOLOGY - Motor Flashcards

(73 cards)

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0
Q

Other name for unitary smooth muscle

A

Syncitial smooth muscle

Visceral smooth muscle

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1
Q

3 types of muscles

A

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

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2
Q

Smooth muscles with gap junctions

A

Unitary smooth muscle

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3
Q

Smooth muscles with no true Action potential (junctional potential only)

A

Multi-unit smooth muscle

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4
Q

Smooth muscle utilizing slow wave, spike potentials and plataeu potentials

A

Unitary

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5
Q

Rhythmic, intermittent smooth muscle

A

Phasic smooth muscle

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6
Q

Continuously active smooth muscle

A

Tonic smooth muscle

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7
Q

Skeletal muscle more active in the glycolytic pathway

A

Fast twitch

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8
Q

Examples of slow twitch fibers

A

Soleus, antigravity back muscles

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9
Q

Examples of fast twitch muscles

A

EOMS

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10
Q

Covers the muscle fascicle

A

Perimysium

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11
Q

Type of muscles arrange in sarcomeres

A

Skeletal and cardiac

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12
Q

Plasma membrane surrounding the muscle fiber

A

Sarcolemma

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13
Q

Invaginations of the sarcolemma in close proximity to the terminal cisternse of the SR

A

T tubules

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14
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum surrounding myofibril

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

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15
Q

Boundary of the sarcomere

A

Z lines

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16
Q

Thick filaments

A

Myosin

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17
Q

Thin filaments

A

Actin
Tropomyosin
Troponin

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18
Q

3 types of troponins

A

Trop T - attaches troponin complex to tropomyosin
Trop I inhibits actin myosin binding
Trop C -calcium binding protein

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19
Q

Tethers myosin to z- lines

A

Titin - also the largest protein in the human body

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20
Q

Stabilizes the sarcolemmma and prevents contraction induced rupture.

A

Dystrophin

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21
Q

Binds actin to z-lines

A

Actinin, capz protein

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22
Q

Binds z lines to sarcolemma

A

Desmin

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23
Q

Acts as a molecular ruler that sets the length of actin during assembly

A

Nebulin

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24
What do you call actin and myosin interaction in the sliding filament model?
Cross bridge formation
25
What does negative pole and positive pole mean?
Negative pole - toward the M-line | positive pole - towards the Z-line
26
Sequesters Ca for storage
Calsequestrin
27
Receptors activated by DHPR receptors
Ryanodine receptors
28
What is the distance achieved in each cross-bridge cycle?
10 nm
29
What is a motor unit?
Consists of a somatic motor neuron plus all muscle fibers it stimulates.
30
Small motor units are recruited first before big motor units
Size principle
31
Multiple fiber summation
Spatial summation
32
Frequency summation
Temporal summation
33
What is the Staircase/Treppe Effect
Each contraction occurs after complete relaxation producing stronger contraction each time.
34
Basis for the Treppe effect
Ca2+ accumulation, pH changes, increased temperature
35
Complete fusion of individual muscle contraction when Ca 2+ is all used up
Tetany
36
Which of the following tetanizes at a lower stimulus frquency? Fast or slow twitch?
Slow-twitch
37
Which if the following has a larger maximal force during tetany?
Fast twitch
38
Active tension reflect what?
Number of cross bridges that cycle
39
Velocity of cross bridging reflects
Speed of cross-bridging cycling
40
Isometric contraction
Length is held constant
41
Load is held constant
Isotonic contraction
42
2 types of isotonic contraction
``` Concentric contraction (weight up) Eccentric contraction (lowering weight down) ``` Remember book diagram
43
Protective mechanism to prevent muscle cell injury or death
Muscle fatigue
44
Relationship of muscle fatigue to glycogen and lactate
Directly prop to lactate and inversely prop to glycogen
45
Relies both on intra and extracellular calcium
Cardiac muscle
46
Why is there no tetany in cardiac muscles?
Due to the long refractory period brought about by phase 2
47
Location of transverse tubules in cardiac muscles
In the Z lines
48
Location of transverse tubules of skeletal muscles
At the ends of the I bands
49
Sarcoplasmic reticulum is more developed im cardiac or skeletal?
Skeletal
50
Are there troponins in smooth muscle?
None
51
Secondary messenger for calcium release in smooth muscles
IP3
52
Trop C equivalent in smooth muscle
Calmodulin
53
Phosphorylates myosin
MLCK
54
Trop I equivalent in smooth muscle
Caldesmon and Calponin
55
Additioj of phosphate means the smooth muscle is active. True or false.
True
56
Enzyme that removes phosphate
MLCP
57
Caldesmon and Calponin are inhibited by
Ca-Calmodulin complex
58
Similar to z discs in smooth muscles
Dense bodies
59
Rudimentary structure in smooth muscles compared to skeletal muscles
SR
60
Rudimentary t tubules
Caveoli
61
Connect dense bodies with cytoskeletal network in smooth muscle
Desmin and vimentin | Intermediate filaments
62
Force of contraction in smooth muscles are stronger or weaker than skeletal muscle
Stronger
63
Spinal cord neurons important in control of muscles
Anterior motor neurons Interneurons Renshaw cell
64
Anterior motor neuron for extrafusal fibers
Alpha motor neuron
65
Angerior motor neuron for intrafusal fibers
Gamma motor neuron
66
Facilitates lateral inhibition in the control of muscles
Renshaw cell
67
Detects position of body in space
Proprioception
68
2 major proprioceptors
Muscle spindle and golgi tendon
69
Muscle spindles and are arranged in a ________ and detects changes in ___________
Parallel | Muscle length and rate of change of muscle length
70
Golgi tendon and are arranged in a ________ and detects changes in ___________
Series | Muscle tension
71
Functional unit of the cerebellum
Purkinje and deep nuclear cell
72
Which functional unit of the cerebellum is the middle layer and is always inhibitory?
Purkinje

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