1.3 Innate Immunity Lec 1

Question 1

what is the most numerous white blood cell type?

Answer 1

Neutrophils

Question 2

Neutrophils stain light blue with?

Answer 2

Wright’s stain

Question 3

opsonization means?

Answer 3

enhancement of phagocytosis

Question 4

neutrophiles are or are not phagocytic?

Answer 4

they are a phagocytic white blood cell

Question 5

how do neutrophiles enhance pahgocytosis?

Answer 5

through opsonization

*bind with certain antibody types to help capture antigen by phagocytosis

Question 6

neutrophils will produce what in response to microbes?

Answer 6

abundant reactive oxygen molecules

Question 7

The Process of PHAGOCYTOSIS-by neutrophilsor macrophagesinvolves:

Answer 7

• attachment
• pseudopodia formation and fusion
• formation of phagosome
• fusion of phagosome with lysosome
• formation of the phagolysosome
• content degradation and release or reuse

Question 8

what does NET stand for?

Answer 8

neutrophil extracellular traps

Question 9

NETs are composed of

Answer 9

decondensed chromatin and antimicrobial factors, including neutrophil elastase(NE) and myeloperoxidase (MPO)

Question 10

NE and MPO are stored in?

Answer 10

azurophilic granules of neutrophils

Question 11

What releases NETs? how? when?

Answer 11

neutrophils release NETs (extracellularly) 2–4 h after stimulation/ with microbes

Question 12

phagocytosis vs. endocytosis

Answer 12

*Particles are phagocytized *Soluble molecules are endocytized

Question 13

Both Pphagocytosis and endocytosis have?

Answer 13

1) membrane bound vesicles containing the capture foreign entity: endosome and phagosome
2) Digestive/killing enzymes in primary and secondary lysosomes

Question 14

Lysosomes are the granules of? They are divided into?

Answer 14

Lysosomes are the granules of neutrophils and are divided into primary granules or secondary granules

Question 15

Lyosome granules contain?

Answer 15

• Lipases
• Amylases
• Proteases
• Nucleases
• Defensin
• Nutrient binding molecules such as lactoferrin and Vitamin B

Question 16

Lipases are?

Answer 16

enzymes that digest lipids

Question 17

Amylases are?

Answer 17

enzymes that digest carbohydrates

Question 18

Proteases

Answer 18

enzymes that digest proteins

Question 19

Nucleases

Answer 19

enzymes that digest nucleic acids

Question 20

Defensin

Answer 20

peptides that directly kill bacteria

Question 21

what are the two Nutrient binding molecules found in lysosome granules?

Answer 21

1) lactoferrin that binds free iron IN cytoplasm

2) Vitamin B binding protein

Question 22

Killing of microbes takes place at the membrane by the?

Answer 22

RESPIRATORYBURST for formation of reactive oxygen species

Question 23

what are the four enzymes for the respiratory burst reactions?

Answer 23

1) NADPH oxidase
2) superoxide dismutase
3) myeloperoxidase
4) Nitric Oxide Synthase