4.1 Adaptive Immunity Lec 3

Question 1

Toxoid vaccine

Answer 1

purified macromolecule that represents the toxin of pathogen, induces immune response to toxin virulence factor, but the vaccine agent is modified to induce the immune response without the toxic effect

Question 2

Killed vaccine

Answer 2

Pathogen that causes the disease is killed before use as a vaccine

Question 3

Attenuated vaccine

Answer 3

live microbe that represents the pathogen but has been rendered avirulent, induces the immune response to the pathogen but has little if any pathogenic effect

Question 4

Recombinant DNA vaccine

Answer 4

pathogen or its virulence factors are represented by the DNA that encodes critical virulence factor of pathogen. Once injected into humans or animals the
represented DNA is transcribed and virulence factor protein is made

Question 5

Purified polysaccharide

Answer 5

usually capsular polysaccharide of the pathogen- less antibody response, tends to be IgM only and less effective, but still powerful enough to prevent infection.

Question 6

Activated, proliferating B cells differentiate into? secrete

Answer 6

plasma cells that secrete antibody

Question 7

What is the starting cell for adaptive immunity?

Answer 7

resting B cells that functions as cell signalling

Question 8

What are the 5 humoral antibodies (aka immunoglobulin)?

Answer 8

IgG
IgA
IgM
IgE
IgD

Question 9

resting B cells proliferate for how long?

Answer 9

2-3 days

Question 10

How long until resting B-cells secrete anitbodies?

Answer 10

4-14 days

Question 11

cellular immunity is dependent on interactions between?

Answer 11

T-cells and pathogens

Question 12

What was the first vaccine?

Answer 12

an injection of cow pox was used as a vaccinations against small pox

Question 13

Do toxoid vaccine use proteins or pathogens or virulence factors?

Answer 13

NO pathogens, use only proteins to represent a real pathogen to help make an acquired response

Question 14

Do killed vaccines use proteins or pathogens or virulence factors?

Answer 14

use REAL deadpathogens

Question 15

Do attenuated vaccines use proteins or pathogens or virulence factors? Ex?

Answer 15

use REAL pathogens that are still alive but DENATURED (Ex: polio)

Question 16

Do recombination DNA vaccines use proteins or pathogens or virulence factors?

Answer 16

DNA that represents virulence factors are used as pathogens

Question 17

Do purified polysaccharides use proteins or pathogens or virulence factors?

Answer 17

uses capsular polysaccharide (a key virulence factor) of a pathogen as a vaccine

Question 18

Helper T cells makes T-cell cytokines, which can become what two things?

Answer 18

macrophage cytokines and cytotoxic T-cell

Question 19

Why must vaccines be initiated at specific ages and not before?

Answer 19

If too young, the immune system isn’t mature enough or developed enough to handle the vaccine. If too old. can compromise weakened immune system

Question 20

Point of boosters?

Answer 20

create a stronger immunity

Question 21

Want ___% coverage to protect population just incase someone doesn’t have good antibody production

Answer 21

90%

Question 22

Does everyone have the same level of antibody production?

Answer 22

NO. Some people have very low, while others may make more

Question 23

Most vaccines induce high levels of? This prevents?

Answer 23

antibody production for a potential pathogen. This will prevent future initial infections

Question 24

Does every vaccine have the same amount of effectiveness?

Answer 24

No. Each of these vaccines have various degrees of effectiveness compared to the others