3.2 Adaptive Immunity Lec 3

Question 1

The interaction between the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system is necessary for?

Answer 1

1) optimum immune response
2) complete control of the pathogen
3) regulation of inflammatory damage
to host tissue
4) prevention of autoimmune disease

Question 2

What is the bottom line about inflammation of innate immunity being painful and uncomfortable?

Answer 2

we need it

Question 3

Can we fully recover from infection with only innate immunity?

Answer 3

No

Question 4

To fully recover from infection we need both?

Answer 4

innate and adaptive immunity

Question 5

Adaptive immunity is also known as?

Answer 5

acquired immunity

Question 6

Adaptive immunity requires exposure to?

Answer 6

an antigen in order to be effective

Question 7

Adaptive immunity effector cells do not?

Answer 7

pre-exist prior to exposure to an antigen

Question 8

How long does adaptive immunity take to become effective?

Answer 8

Takes many days, usually a week, to fully develop and become effective

Question 9

Is Innate or Adaptive immunity specific for what it targets?

Answer 9

Adaptive immunity is VERY specific in what it targets

*uses antigens and TCRs (T-cell receptors)

Question 10

Adaptive immunity is unique in that is has a _____ for what initially stimulated it in the first place.
What does this mean?

Answer 10

memory (immunological memory means that when you get infected by something, you go through this innate and then adaptive response… and that first encounter with is remembered by adaptive immunology; so it’ll remember the exact same pathogen giving it a BETTER immune respponse)

Question 11

effector cells innate vs adaptive

Answer 11

innate= pre-existing
adaptive= delayed; do not pre-exist

Question 12

Order B-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes, and Antigen Presenting Cells in order

Answer 12

1) Antigen Presenting Cells: recognize PAMPS and process peptides associtaed with MHC
2) T-cell: recognize MHC/peptide complex on antigens
3) B-cells: recognize antigens on microbes

Question 13

8 Molecular Requirements of antigens

**Must know

Answer 13

1) must be a foreign molecule
2) must have chemical complexity like a protein
3) therefore they are usually a protein, lipoprotein, or glycoprotein
4) some complex polysaccharide will work
5) must be large in size
6) must have many sites that are recognized by immune system
7) each site that is recognized is called an epitope
8) epitopes bind to antibody in a non covalent interaction

Question 14

What are antigens?

Answer 14

non-self macromolecules that stimulate acquired immunity by interacting with specific receptors for the antigen on lymphocytes

Question 15

antigens cause what response?

Answer 15

the response needed to develop significant quantities of effector cells, some of which produce antibodies that feed back and bind specifically to the antigens that elicited the antibodies in the first place

Question 16

What type of macromolecule are antigens? Are they self or non-self

Answer 16

usually proteins

**NON-self

Question 17

What are the 3 type of cells necessary to have a complete immune response?
*What if you are missing one?

Answer 17

1) B lymphocytes
2) T lymphocytes
3) Antigen Presenting Cells
* If you are missing any, you are considered immuno-deficient

Question 18

B lymphocytes respond by?

Answer 18

recognizing antigens on microbes using their very specific cell surface antibody

Question 19

What happens to B lymphocytes once they recognize antigens on microbes?

Answer 19

They then develop into effector cells that secrete the same antibody in significant quantities

Question 20

T lymphocytes respond by?

Answer 20

respond by recognizing peptides of the

same antigen locked up with cell surface MHC proteins

Question 21

What happens to T lymphocytes once they have had their response to an antigen?

Answer 21

They 1) develop into effector cells that secrete cytokines in significant quantities to help all immune responses or
2) developing into significant quantities of effector cells that produce molecules that are cytotoxic to target cells

Question 22

Antigen Presenting Cells respond by?

Answer 22

respond by recognizing PAMPs with their PRRs

Question 23

What do Antigen Presenting Cells do once they recognize PAMPs with their PRRs?

Answer 23

they then phagocytize microbes via PAMPS and process te microbs proteins. THEN they produce small peptides of those proteins, and associate the peptides with major histocompatibility complex proteins (MHC proteins)

Question 24

MHC proteins are what?

Answer 24

major histocompatibility complex proteins
* they are associated with the peptides made by phagacitizing antigen presenting cells off of the microbes they’ve injested

Question 25

big difference between T and B cell responses?

Answer 25

They respond to the same antigen, BUT T-lymphocytes recognize PEPTIDES that are locked with a cell surface MHC protein

Question 26

what is histocompatibility?

Answer 26

an immunological event; compatibility between the tissues of different individuals

Question 27

Antigen have many spots that can trigger antibodies

Answer 27

each spot is slightly different, each antibody is slightly different, and each recognize/response is slightly different

Question 28

Why must an antigen have chemical complexity?

Answer 28

Can’t have a small peptide, or only a lipoprotein… needs to be chemically diverse enough for recognition

Question 29

Antigens must be large in size, why?

Answer 29

you must have at least a B-cell site to be recognized by an antibody AND another site for T-cell recognition. MUST have at least these two in order to get any immune response

Question 30

what is an epitope?

Answer 30

the part of an antigen molecule to which an antibody attaches itself to trigger an immune response

Question 31

how does an epitope bind to an antibody?

Answer 31

through a strong NON-covalent bond; very little chance for it to disconnect