4.3 Cells N Tissues Adapt Immunity

Question 1

All blood cells are derived from?

Answer 1

bone marrow stem cells

Question 2

bone marrow stem cells undergo what processes to become mature cell lineages?

Answer 2

activation
proliferation
differentiation

Question 3

Specific cytokines are required for?

Answer 3

1. activation
2. proliferation
3. differentiation
4. development of T lymphocytes
5. other cytokines for B lymphocytes

Question 4

The Immune system is divided into _____ and ______ lymphoid structures

Answer 4

primary and secondary

Question 5

Primary lymphoid organs are sites where lymphocytes? Ex

Answer 5

develop without the presence of antigen, (develop, mature and replace old with new)
Ex: Bone marrow and thymus

Question 6

Secondary lymphoid organs are sites where lymphocytes? Ex?

Answer 6

respond and develop further in response to antigen

Ex: Lymph nodes and spleen

Question 7

When cells leave the primary lymphoid

organs they are mature but?

Answer 7

naive

Question 8

What does it mean to be a ‘naive’ immune cell?

Answer 8

have never encountered antigen

Question 9

When cells develop and oftentimes leave the secondary lymphoid organs they are considered?

Answer 9

effector or memory cells

Question 10

what is the thymus?

Answer 10

• a lymphoepithelial primary lymphoid organ
• found underneath the sternum positioned above the heart
• composed of T lymphocyte lineage cells, epithelial cells, and macrophage lineage cells
• site of developement and leasning self from non-self

Question 11

Thymus is a primary lymphoid structure for development of?

Answer 11

mature T cells

Question 12

What is the site that pre-T cells from the bone marrow migrate

Answer 12

thymus

Question 13

Explain thymus cortex, medulla and capsule?

Answer 13

1) Cortex contain immature pre-T cells (a lot of them)
2) Medulla contains mature T cells (learning place for self and non-self and storage)
3) Capsule= outermost layer

Question 14

the medulla of the thymus acts as?

Answer 14

1) learning place for self and non-self

2) storage place for t-cells

Question 15

In the Cortex all preT cells

Answer 15

express TCR, CD3, CD4, and CD8 at the cell membrane

Question 16

PreT cells that are incapable of reactivity to Self MHC on thymic epithelial cells?

Answer 16

will die through apoptosis

Question 17

apoptosis

Answer 17

a form of programmed

cell death

Question 18

All pre T cells capable of reactivity to self MHC on thymic epithelial cells do what?

Answer 18

1) survive
2) proliferate
3) move on for potential future maturation

Question 19

What are CDs?

Answer 19

cluster of differentiation

*CDs are molecules on the surface of the cell

Question 20

B cells death is all dependent on?

Answer 20

MHC

Question 21

In the Medulla, all T cells express?

Answer 21

TCR, CD3, CD4, or CD8- aka single positive (SP) T cells

Question 22

T cells near the medulla that are strongly reactive (high affinity) Self MHC on thymic epithelial or dendritic cells will?

Answer 22

die through apoptosis

Question 23

T cells in the medulla that are capable of weak (low/intermediate) reactivity to self MHC will?

Answer 23

1) survive
2) proliferate
3) complete maturation,
4) eventually exit to general circulation

Question 24

Where are death domains found?

Answer 24

cytoplasm of cell

Question 25

In order for apoptosis to happen, you must have?

Answer 25

1) interaction with TCR

2) FasL (a ligand) interact with Fas on cell

Question 26

the ligation of FasL and Fas causes

Answer 26

Fas to trimerise which ACTIVATED the death domain in Fas (which then interacts with the death domain in FADD)

Question 27

Procaspase binds to? This does what

Answer 27

binds to FADD,which creates caspase 3 which ULTIMATELY leads to apoptosis of the Fas-expressing cell

Question 28

death domains initiate the development of?

Answer 28

caspase 3

Question 29

caspase 3 is?

Answer 29

a key element that leads to an event for DNA fragmentation for programmed cell death

Question 30

is the medulla or cortex of thymus darker?

Answer 30

cortex

Question 31

the medulla has a lot of?

*responsible for?

Answer 31

cell death

*responsible for adaptive immunity in long run

Question 32

Cells stick around for how long in medulla before they die and are replaced?

Answer 32

21 days

Question 33

T cells-site of maturation is in the?

Answer 33

thymus

Question 34

two major T cell subsets are?

Answer 34

CD4+ and CD8+

Question 35

What are the 5 subsets of CD4+ are

Answer 35

• T helper 1 (Th1)
• T helper 2 (Th2)
• T helper 17 (Th17)
• T follicular helper (Tfh)
• T regulatory (Treg)