4.2 Adaptive Immunity Lec 3

Question 1

What is the preeminent theory in immunology?

Answer 1

clonal selection theory

Question 2

what does the clonal selection theory state?

Answer 2

1) that cells of the immune system have preformed receptors for foreign (non-self) antigens
2) Also states that there is tolerance to self-antigens

Question 3

each clone of immune cells has receptors that are specific for? (clonal selection theory)

Answer 3

a specific antigen

Question 4

immune cells have receptors that recognize? (clonal selection theory)

Answer 4

epitopes of antigen

Question 5

only the clones of what receptors will proliferate during the immune response
(clonal selection theory)

Answer 5

Only the clones with receptors that recognize epitopes on antigens

Question 6

What are the two types of antigen specific receptors? (clonal selection theory)

Answer 6

T cell receptors (TCRs) and B cell receptors (aka antibody or immunoglobulin)

Question 7

clonal selection theory requires that there is a mechanism to create?

Answer 7

diversity among the receptors for antigen

Question 8

clonal selection theory states that there is tolerance to?

Answer 8

self-antigens

Question 9

Body cannot tell what epitope is importnatn or not, therefor it will?

Answer 9

makemore of the most triggered epitopes

Question 10

clonal selection theory starts in?

Answer 10

the bone marrow as immature stem cells

Question 11

Steps of adaptive immunit?

Answer 11

1) stem cell
2) early differenciation of lymphoid precursor cells
3) uncommitted cells
4) removal of self- reactive immautre lymphcytes
5) pool of non-self reactive mature lymphocytes
6) antigen-stimulation of lymphcyte clones to make lots of epitopes/antibodies
7) antiserum to antigen

Question 12

B-cells that DON’T recognize self will?

Answer 12

mature

Question 13

B-cells that DO recognize self will?

Answer 13

apoptose

Question 14

4 adaptive Immune response characteristics

Answer 14

1. specificity
2. adaptiveness
3. self non-self discrimination
4. memory

Question 15

6 damaging effects of adaptive immune system

Answer 15

 immediate hypersensitivities
 delayed hypersensitivities
 autoimmune disease
 chronic inflammation
 immune complex disease
 blood mismatch reactions

Question 16

autoimmune disease is caused by?

Answer 16

1) antibody response against self is NOT eliminated OR

2) the cell mediated T-cell gets involved and it causes damage to cell tissue

Question 17

do we need inflammation/?

Answer 17

YES. But must control chronic inflammation

Question 18

what is immune complex disease?

Answer 18

antigens are irreversibly binding non-covalently (very strongly) to antibodies. Both can be very large (especially antibodies), so they must be removed from circulation because they will get stuck in small vessels

Question 19

blood mismatch reactions

Answer 19

ABO blood groups can have pre-formed antibodies against other types

Question 20

Future immunological innovations

Answer 20

• gene therapy
• cytokine therapy
• earlier immunizations
• New vaccines (emerging diseases)
• new types of vaccines (strategies)