3.1 Inflammation Lec 2

Question 1

IkKinase

Answer 1

Inhibitor of kappa B kinase (inhibits the entry of NFkB into the nucleus)

Question 2

IkB

Answer 2

Inhibitor of kappa B

Question 3

NFkB

Answer 3

Nuclear factor kappa B (acts as a transcription factor) (can only enter nucleus once IkK is phosphorylated and inactivated)

Question 4

LPS in blood binds to

Answer 4

LPS binding proteins (LBP)

Question 5

LBP (LPS binding proteins) brings LPS to _______ complex

Answer 5

LBP brings LPS to CD14/TLR4 complex

Question 6

LPS in blood could bind to? which is associated with?

Answer 6

could bind to cell surface CD14; which is associated with TLR4

Question 7

LPS in blood could also bind to _____ directly?

Answer 7

LPS could also bind to TLR4 directly (it doesn’t HAVE to be associated with TLR4)

Question 8

LPS association with TLR4 activates?

Answer 8

cytoplasmic adaptor kinase (MyD88/IRAK4)

** adaptor protein means it tethers TLR4 to next member in cascade (a kinase TRAF6)

Question 9

cytoplasmic adaptor kinase (MyD88/IRAK4) activated? where?

Answer 9

TRAF6 in the cytoplasm

Question 10

TRAF6 in the cytoplasm activates?

Answer 10

IkKinase

Question 11

IkKinase phosphorylates and INactivates?

Answer 11

IkK

Question 12

the inactivation of IkK does what?

Answer 12

releases the IkK from NFkB

Question 13

When IkK is released from NFkB, what happens to NFkB? (where does it go and what does it do)

Answer 13

NFkB goes to nucleus and participates in induction of transcription of hundreds of genes (this is end product of LBP activity)

Question 14

Describe Innate immunity cellular distribution of receptors

Answer 14

NONclonal; identical receptors on all cells of the same linage

Question 15

Describe Adaptive immunity cellular distribution of receptors

Answer 15

Clonal; clones of lymphcytes with distinct specificties express different receptors

Question 16

Describe Innate immunity cellular specificity?

Answer 16

1) dependent on PAMPs; evolutionarily conserved structures shared by classes of microbes
2) different microbes; identical mannose receptors

Question 17

Describe Adaptive immunity cellular specificity?

Answer 17

1) for specific microbial molecules (antigens anf TCR)

2) different microbes; distinct antibody molecules

Question 18

Describe Innate immunity cellular receptor types?

Answer 18

PRRs encoded in germline, limited diversity

Question 19

Describe Adaptive immunity cellular receptor types?

Answer 19

Encoded by genes produced by somatic recombination of gene segments, greater diversity

Question 20

TLR4 is classified as?

Answer 20

a PPR

Question 21

lipopolysaccharides are found on G- or G+ bacteria?

Answer 21

G-

Question 22

How many ATP does it take to go from LBP in extracellular fluid to NFkB in nucleus

Answer 22

3 ATP

Question 23

Almost every single immune response gene has a region in its promoter for?

Answer 23

NFkB (any PPR has NFkB)

Question 24

PRRs for activation of?

Answer 24

macrophages and dendritic cells

Question 25

Two common features in immune cells for A LOT of different pathways?

Answer 25

1) inhibition of NFkB (IkKinase)
2) activation of NFkB
3) NFkB is a universal transcription factor