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From Flashcardlet > Ap Exam 4- summary > Flashcards

Ap Exam 4- summary Flashcards

1
Q

Pre Ganglionic

A
  • CNS to ganglion
  • myelinated
  • White Ramus- from Spinal Nerve
  • exits @ T1-L2
  • SNS
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2
Q

Post Ganglionic

A
  • Ganglion to effector
  • unmyelinated
  • gray ramus- rejoin spinal nerve
  • no Adrenal Medulla
  • Pre-vertebral ganglia
  • Exits @ S2-S4, CNerve 3,7,9,10
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3
Q

PNS

A
  • rest relaxation
  • exits @ s1-s4
  • isolated responses
  • decrease heart reate
  • salvate/digestion
  • contract bladder wall, relax sphincter (peeing)
  • 1 neuron, faster
  • muscarinic
  • constrict pupil–Cones
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4
Q

SNS

A
  • fight or flight
  • exits at T1-L2
  • trunk=widespread
  • divergence
  • increase heart rate
  • dilates airway, increase resp
  • causes sweating
  • adrenal- prolongs fight/flgiht-release epinephrine
  • constricts cutaneous and ab blodd vessels
  • dilates skeletal blood vessels
  • contracts spincter, relax bladder wall (holding in pee)
  • Atropine
  • dilated pupil
  • Rods
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5
Q

Both SNS + PNS

A
  • controled by Hypothalamus
  • Nicotinic Receptor
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6
Q

Involuntary

A
  • Autonomic Nervic System- SNS & PNS
  • holding in pee (SNS)
  • reflex
  • miencephalon
  • Cardiac muscle
  • Smooth Muscle
  • Sensory
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7
Q

Voluntary

A
  • Somatic efferent
  • peeing’
  • Skeletal Muscle
  • Motor
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8
Q

Rods

A
  • numerous
  • no detail
  • convergence
  • peripheral
  • sensitive to light
  • night vision
  • b/w
  • make more rhodopsin (lt adaptation)
  • dilation
  • SNS
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9
Q

Cones

A
  • not numerous
  • detail
  • blue, gree, red
  • inhibit rods
  • high illumination
  • center of retina
  • visual acuity-distinguish detail
  • break down rhodopsin (dk adapt)
  • pupil constricts
  • quick response
  • PNS
  • Muscarinic
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10
Q

Both Rods & Cones

A
  • Synapse with bi-polar neurons
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11
Q

Identify 2 spaced points

A
  • Visual Resolving Power
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12
Q

Anatomy

A
  • structure
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13
Q

Physiology

A
  • function
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14
Q

cytology

A
  • cells
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15
Q

histology

A

tissues

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16
Q

Levels of Structural Organization (6)

A
  1. Chem/Molecular
  2. Cytology
  3. Histology
  4. Organ
  5. system
  6. Organism
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17
Q

Types of Cartilage

A
  • Hyalin
  • Elastic
  • Fibrocartilage
  • (chondra)
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18
Q

2 Divisions of Human Skeleton

A
  1. Axial (80 bones)
  2. Appendicular (126 bones)
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19
Q

5 Regions of Vertebral Column

A
  1. Cervical
  2. Thoracic
  3. Lumbar
  4. Sacral
  5. Coccyx
20
Q

Largest Sesamoid Bone

A
  • patellar
21
Q

How many phalanges in each foot?

A

14

22
Q

Pollux

A

thumb

23
Q

Costal

A

ribs

24
Q

7 Characteristics of Muscle Tissue6

A
  1. Contraction/Relaxation
  2. Movement
  3. Posture
  4. Support
  5. Guards
  6. Exits/Enter
  7. Body temp
25
Q

3 Kinds of Muscle Tissue

A
  1. Skeletal
  2. Cardiac
  3. Smooth
26
Q

Aponeurosis

A
  • sheet like tendon
27
Q

Acetylcholine

A
  • bridge gap
  • chem signal to cause contraction
  • Na Opens
28
Q

Phases of Contraction

A
  1. Latent
  2. Contraction
  3. Relaxation
29
Q

7 bones that contribute to the orbit

A
  • {ESL-ZMPF}
  • Ethmoid
  • Sphenoid
  • Lacrimal
  • Zygomatic
  • Maxilla
  • Palatine
  • Frontal
30
Q

CNS

A
  • Nuclei, oligodendrocytes
  • spinal cord
  • meninges
  • motor pathway
  • NO NERVES
31
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A
  • ganglia
  • Schwann cells
  • Nerves
  • Plexus
32
Q

Myelin

A
  • white
  • faster
  • tracts
33
Q

Unmyelin

A
  • gray
  • CSFluid
  • Cauda Equin
  • Cerebral Cortex
34
Q

Sensory

A
  • Afferent
  • Towards CNS
  • Ascending
35
Q

Motor

A
  • efferent
36
Q

Both Sensory + Motor

A
  • Nerves
  • Pyramids
  • projection fibers
  • Cerebral Corte
37
Q

ipsilateral

A
  • same side
  • cranial nerves
38
Q

Contralateral

A
  • sensory/motor pathways
39
Q

4 main lobes

A
  1. Parietal
  2. Temporal
  3. Occipital
  4. Frontal
40
Q

Frontal lobe functions

A
  • motor speech area
  • voluntary fixation-staring
41
Q

Occipital Lobe Functions

A
  • Vision
  • involuntary fixation
  • superior colliculi
42
Q

Temporal Lobe Functions

A
  • hearing/smell
  • retracts mandible
  • Inferior colliculi
43
Q

Parietal

A
  • Taste
  • Gustation
44
Q

Cerebellum

A
  • Balance Headquarters
45
Q

How many bones

A
  • 206

From Flashcardlet (35 decks)

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