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From Flashcardlet > AP II_Digestion_Exam 3 > Flashcards

AP II_Digestion_Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Boundaries of the oral cavity

A
  • hard palate
  • tongue cheeks
  • soft palate
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2
Q

What does gastric mucus protect

A

protects stomach lining from acid

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3
Q

What is digestion

A
  • mechanical & physical break down of food
  • absorption
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4
Q

What forms a chylomicron?

A
  • Micelle broekn down by b.salts
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5
Q

What forms Micelle

A

bile salts + lipases

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6
Q

Define Lacteal

A
  • LYMPH (intestinal)
  • LARGE particles
  • fit into capillaries (fat/proteins)
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7
Q

Purpose of Bile Salts x4

A
  • emulsify fats
  • smaller pieces
  • work into lipases
  • salts reabsorb into ileum & return to liver
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8
Q

What is an Alimentary

A

GI Tract

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9
Q

Five Steps of Digestion

A
  1. Ingestion (intake sold/liquid)
  2. Movement (propulsion)
  3. Digestion
  4. Absorption (lymphatic circulation)
  5. Defecation/Elimination (large intestine)
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10
Q

Why is defecation voluntary?

A

External Anal sphincter is a SKELETAL MUSCLE

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11
Q

What causes defecation reflex?

A
  • peristalsis streches the wall of rectum
  • Internal Sphincter relaxes
  • urge to defecate.
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12
Q

4 layers of GI Tract

A
  1. Mucuous
  2. Submucus
  3. Muscularis
  4. Serosa
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13
Q

Tooth Enamel

A
  • calcified hard covering of crown
  • hardest part of tooth
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14
Q

Five controls of Saliva

A
  1. Lubricate Food
  2. Kill Bacteria
  3. Lysozyme, amylase, mucus
  4. PNS increase salvation
  5. SNS/fear decrease salvation
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15
Q

Anatomy of the Colon

A
  • ascends
  • transverses
  • descends (sigmoid shape)
  • turns
  • Enters pevlic Cavity
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16
Q

Function of the Large Intestine

A
  • Store feces
  • lubricate feces
  • water absorption
  • Vitamin B & K synthesis
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17
Q

What is another name for solid waste

A

feces

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18
Q

What is the hormone made by gastric cells

A
  • Gastrin
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19
Q

What is the duodenum

A
  • the first part of the small intestine immediately beyond the stomach,
  • leading to the jejunum.
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20
Q

Distention

A
  • being stretched beyond normal dimensions
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21
Q

What is another name of liquefied food

A

chyme

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22
Q

What are proteases?

A
  • breaks down proteins and peptides
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23
Q

Periodontal Ligament

A
  • holds roots into alveoli
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24
Q

Gastric Juice

A
  • HCL
  • Mucus
  • Pepsinogen
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25
Q

Dentin

A
  • bone like material
  • bulk of crown
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26
Q

What cells make mucus

A

zygomatic cells

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27
Q

Common Bile

A
  • Hepatic/Gall Bladder & Cystic Duct join
  • Dumps into duodenum
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28
Q

Esophogeal Hiatus

A
  • hole to pass into Abdominal cavity
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29
Q

Peristalis

A
  • wavelength rippling contraction
  • moves contents below
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30
Q

How many adult teet

A

32

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31
Q

What is a stationary contraction that mixes & breaks into small chunks

A

Segmentation

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32
Q

Tissues of the Tongue

A
  • skeletal muscle
  • mucus membrane
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33
Q

Villi

A
  • of small intestine mucus
  • Increase Surface Area for absorption
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34
Q

Gi Tract Organs x6

A
  • oral cavity
  • pharynx
  • esophagus
  • stomach
  • small intestine
  • large intestine
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35
Q

Labial Frenulum

A

inner lips to gums

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36
Q

3 Pairs of Salivary Glands

A
  1. Parotid
  2. Submandibular
  3. Sublingual
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37
Q

How is Vitamin A-D-E-K absorbed?

A

lipids

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38
Q

When does the colon become the rectum?

A
  • when it enters the pelvic cavity
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39
Q

What do Calcium ions require for absorption

A
  • Vitamin D
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40
Q

What are papillae

A
  • bumps on the tongue
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41
Q

Digestive Accessory Organs x6

A
  • salivary glands
  • teeth
  • tongue
  • pancreas
  • liver
  • gall bladder
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42
Q

Tooth ementum

A

bone like material covering root

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43
Q

What is the function of Gall Bladder

A
  • to store bile
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44
Q

What is bile made of?

A
  • Water
  • Salts
  • Bilirubin
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45
Q

How are proteins broken down?

A
  • Stomach
  • Pepsin digestion begins with copious flow
  • of hydrochloric acid that makes protein unfold.
  • Pancreatic Proteases
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46
Q

Gastric Motility

A
  • pacemaker cells
  • causes wave of peristalsis (cardia-pylorous)
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47
Q

Composition of Pancreatic Juice x5

A
  • Water
  • Bicarbonate
  • Amylase
  • Lipase
  • Proteases
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48
Q

Function of the Liver x7 x7

A
  • HEALTHY STUFF
  • make bile
  • detox
  • store nutrients
  • vitamins/poisons
  • metabolic hub
  • get rid of old blood cells
  • make coagulation, fibrin
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49
Q

Broken down food that passes from intestinal lumen to blood vessels, is defined as?

A

Absorption

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50
Q

3 Segments of the Small Intestine

A
  1. Duodenum
  2. Jejunum
  3. Ileum
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51
Q

Where does 90% of absoprtion occur

A

Small Intestine

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52
Q

What breaks down lipids?

A

bile salts, lipases

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53
Q

What hormones are released by duodenum, in response to distention? x3

A
  • secretin
  • choloecytokinin
  • Gastric inhibitory peptide
54
Q

What happens of sphincter is closed?

A
  • Chyme gets pushed back towards Cardia, then process starts over
55
Q

Cardia

A
56
Q

What stimulates gastrin release

A

Caffeine

57
Q

What breaks down Carbs/Starch

A
  • Pancreatic Amylase
  • Saliva
  • Amylase attack, heading south….
58
Q

What glands secretes mucus

A

Brunners

59
Q

What does the rectum open

A
  • in the anus
  • a series of 2 sphincters
60
Q

How are Vitamin B & C absorbed?

A
  • water
61
Q

What are pouches caused by teniae coli

A

Hastra

62
Q

How do feces lubricate

A

goblet cell secretions

63
Q

What is the product of goblet cells?

A

Mucus

64
Q

What stimulates motility?

A
  • presence of food
  • gastrin made by pylorus
65
Q

Hepatocyte

A
  • liver cell
  • make bile
66
Q

Enterohepatic Circulation

A
  • stimulates bile secretions (VAGUS NERVE)
  • Secretin Chloecystokinin
67
Q

How are amino acids absorbed?

A

blood vessels

68
Q

How much water is absorbed per day?

A

1 liter, 91.

69
Q

What are muscular bands on the surface of the colon?

A

Teniae Coli

70
Q

Lower Right Abdomen of Large Intestine

A
  • Cecum
  • Appendix
  • (close to Ileum)
71
Q

What forces contents into the rectum?

A
  • Peristalsis (couple times per day)
72
Q

Buccal

A

nearest cheek

73
Q

Function of the Esophagus

A
  • squeezes the food all down
  • to the stomach is where its found
74
Q

Neck Caries

A
  • neck junction @ gum line
  • between root and crown
75
Q

Deglutition

A

swallowing

76
Q

Pylorus

A

inferior end of stomach

77
Q

Mastication

A

chewing

78
Q

Apical Foramen

A
  • hole in root for entry/exit of nerves & blood vessels
79
Q

Location of Pyloric Sphincter

A

Gastric Duodenum Junction

80
Q

What is an electrolyte?

A
  • chemical ionizes within a solution
81
Q

What causes peristalis of the LI?

A
  • Ileum releases into LL
82
Q

Lingual Frenulum

A
  • lower tongue to floor of mouth
83
Q

5 Peritoneal Folds

A
  1. Falciform ligament
  2. Mesentar proper
  3. Mesocolon
  4. Greater Momentum
  5. lesser momentum
84
Q

Pulp Cavity

A
  • blood vessels/nerves in the tooth
85
Q

4 Main Taste Zones

A
  1. Tip = sweet
  2. Sides= sour
  3. Back= bitter
  4. Posterior sweet= salty
86
Q

Kids Temp Teeth #

A

20

87
Q

Labial

A

nearest lips

88
Q

Root

A
  • embedded in jaw alveoli
89
Q

“Body”

A

majority of stomach

90
Q

Concave

A

lesser curvature

91
Q

Ingestion

A

eating

92
Q

Visceral Periotneum

A
  • outer surface of abdominal viscera (shiny)
93
Q

Parietal Peritoneum

A
  • lining of abdominal cavity
94
Q

What reflex is triggered when stomach is full of food?

A
  • Gastroileal Reflex
95
Q

What inhibits motility x4

A
  • Enterogastric reflex
  • Distended duodenum
  • Release GIP/Chloecystokinin
  • Secretoin
96
Q

Neural Controls of Pancreatic Secretions

A
  • Vagus Nerve
  • PNS- Stimulates
  • SNS-inhibits
97
Q

Pancreatic Duct

A
  • from duodenum
98
Q

Pepsinogen

A
  • convert to pepsin in acid env’t
  • pepsin begins with copious flow of hydrochloric acid that makes proteins unfold
99
Q

Haustral Churning

A
  • contraction of colon
  • mixing dividng contents into smaller pieces
100
Q

Pancreas

A
  • inferior stomach
101
Q

Name 3 Proteases

A
  1. Trypsin
  2. Chymotrysin
  3. Carboxypeptidase
102
Q

Fundus

A
  • storage pouch
  • left of cardia
103
Q

pharynx

A
  • throat
104
Q

Palatal

A
  • near palate
  • acclusal
  • chewing surface
105
Q

4 Areas of 3 curves of Stomach

A
  1. Cardiac Region
  2. Fundus
  3. Body
  4. Pylorous
  5. Convex/Concave
106
Q

Cardiac Region

A
  • Where esophagus enters stomach
107
Q

Acinar Cells

A

make pancreatic juice

108
Q

HCL Function

A
  • inhibit microbes
  • breakdown proteins
  • made by parietal cells
109
Q

How are Carbohydrates Absorbed?

A
  • Active Transport into capillaries
110
Q

How much absorption directly from the stomach?

A

very little

111
Q

Gastrin responds to?

A

Distention

112
Q

Bolus

A
  • Ball of food ready to swallow
113
Q

Convex Border

A

greater curvature

114
Q

Lingual

A

nearest tongue

115
Q

What breaks down fat

A

bile salts

116
Q

Retroperoneal Organs x4

A
  1. Duodenum
  2. Kidneys
  3. Rectum
  4. Stomach
117
Q

Parotid Glands

A
  • largest pair of salivary glands
  • produce watery saliva
118
Q

Saliva is

A
  • lysozyme
  • a weak antibacterial action
119
Q

Parietal Cells secrete

A

HCL + Intrinsic factor

120
Q

of the Small intestine, name Villi from largest to smallest

A
  1. Duodenum
  2. Jejunum
  3. Ileum
121
Q

Most nutrient absorption takes place in the…

A
  • duodenum + jejunum
  • during peristalsis review…
122
Q

Sequence food passes from small intestine to anus

A
  1. Cecum
  2. Transverse
  3. Descending
  4. Sigmoid
  5. Rectum
123
Q

Greatest amount of stomach secretion takes place during which phase?

A

Gastric

124
Q

Pyloric Pump

A

chyme moving from stomach to small intestine

125
Q

Digestion Sequence x5

A
  1. Bile emulsify fats
  2. Lipase
  3. package into micelles
  4. coat protein
  5. chylomicrons enter lacteals
126
Q

Absorption is defined as

A
  • digested end products
  • pass thru epithelial cell lining
  • into blood for distribution
127
Q

2 Major Groups of digestive system

A

GI Tract (alimentary canal), Accessory

128
Q

Which layer are villi

A

mucosa

129
Q

largest gland in the body

A

liver

130
Q

Does bile have an enzymatic function

A

no

131
Q

What is the pancreas endocrine function

A

insulin + glucagon

132
Q

What is the pancreas exocrine functions

A
  • secrete enzymes

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